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Anatomy and Physiology 1 > A&P Chapter 14 > Flashcards

A&P Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Senses

A

process by which the brain perceives info about the body and surrounding.

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2
Q

Senses

A

process by which the brain perceives info about the body and surrounding.

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3
Q

general sense

A
  • receptors distributed across the body

- divided into somatic and visceral

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4
Q

Special sense

A
  • limited distribution
  • specialized structures
    smell, hearing,taste, sight.
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5
Q

sensory receptor

A

classified by location

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6
Q

cutaneous receptors

A
  • associated with the skin
  • external environment
  • temp, pressure, touch
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7
Q

viscerorecptors

A
  • viscera and internal
  • internal environment
    pain, pressure, stretch
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8
Q

proprioreceptors

A
  • joints, tendons, and connective tissue
  • body position, movement, muscle stretch.
    where your extremities are
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9
Q

mechanoreceptors

A
  • compression, bending, stretching, pinching, or rubbing

- touch tickle, itch, balance, hearing

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10
Q

Chemoreceptors

A
  • chemicals ( liquid or gas)

- smell and taste

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11
Q

Thermoreceptors

A
  • changes in temperature
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12
Q

Photoreceptors

A
  • light and color

- vision

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13
Q

nocireceptors ( pain receptors)

A
  • painful mechanical, chemical, heat
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14
Q

Free nerve endings

A
  • pain, tickle, temperature, movement, and position
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15
Q

general sense

A
  • receptors distributed across the body

- divided into somatic and visceral

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16
Q

Special sense

A
  • limited distribution
  • specialized structures
    smell, hearing,taste, sight.
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17
Q

sensory receptor

A

classified by location

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18
Q

Ruffini end organs

A

pressure and continuous touch

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19
Q

viscerorecptors

A
  • viscera and internal
  • internal environment
    pain, pressure, stretch
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20
Q

golgi tendon organs

A
  • tendon tension
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21
Q

mechanoreceptors

A
  • compression, bending, stretching, pinching, or rubbing

- touch tickle, itch, balance, hearing

22
Q

Chemoreceptors

A
  • chemicals ( liquid or gas)

- smell and taste

23
Q

Thermoreceptors

A
  • changes in temperature
24
Q

Photoreceptors

A
  • light and color

- vision

25
Q

nocireceptors ( pain receptors)

A
  • painful mechanical, chemical, heat
26
Q

Free nerve endings

A
  • pain, tickle, temperature, movement, and position
27
Q

Merkel disks

A
  • light touch and superficial pressure
28
Q

Hair follicle receptors

A

slight bending of the hair and light touch

29
Q

pacinian corpuscles

A
  • deep pressure, vibration, and position
30
Q

muscle spindle

A

muscle length (stretch reflex)

31
Q

golgi tendon organs

A
  • tendon tension
32
Q

Muscle spindles

A
  • 3-10 specialized skeletal muscle cells
  • provide info about length of muscles
  • involved in stretch reflex
33
Q

Association areas

A
  • areas adjacent to primary sensory areas

- involved in recognition of stimuli

34
Q

primary receptors

A
  • conduct action potential in response to receptor potential
35
Q

Secondary receptors

A
  • have no axons

- release neurotransmitters

36
Q

Adaption

A

-decreases sensitivity to continued stimuli

getting dressed

37
Q

tonic receptors (slow adapting)

A
  • generate action potential as long as there’s a stimuli
38
Q

Phasic receptors(rapidly adapting)

A
  • sensitive to changes in stimuli
39
Q

2 major ascending tracts

A
  • spinothalamoc tract

- dorsal column/ medial-lemniscal

40
Q

Spinoolivary

A

contribute to coordination of movement associated with balance

41
Q

spinotectal

A

involved in reflexes that turn the eyes and the head toward point of cutaneous stimulation

42
Q

primary sensory areas

A
  • where sensations are perceived

- area must be intact for proper sensation

43
Q

primary somatic sensory cortex

A
  • occupies postcentral gyrus
  • receives general sensory input
  • organization is inverted
44
Q

Two divisions

A
  • somatic sensory association area

- visual association area

45
Q

primary motor cortex

A
  • controls most voluntary movement
  • function arranged topographically
  • muscle groups with many motor units represented by large areas
46
Q

premotor area

A

staging area for motor function organization

47
Q

prefrontal area

A

planning and motivation of movements

primates only

48
Q

Motor tracts

A
  • descending pathways carry signals from brain
  • 2 groups
  • direct pathways( pyramidal): maintaining muscle tone, speed and precision (mammal specific)
49
Q

Indirect pathways

A
  • less precise control

- primitive, crude movement

50
Q

Spinocerebellum

A
  • consists of vermis and lateral hemisphere
  • aids in fine motor coordination
  • comparator function
51
Q

Cerebrocerebellum

A
  • rapid complex movements
  • planning and practice
    playing piano, golf swing (10,000 hr concept)
52
Q

Reticular activation system

A
  • regulates cyclical motor functions
  • affected by visual and acoustic stimuli
  • can trigger alertness
  • lack of stimuli can trigger sleep

Anatomy and Physiology 1 (16 decks)

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