A&P Chapter 7 Flashcards
1
Q
Skeleton
A
Average adult has 206 bones
Number varies and decreases with age
Axial skeleton
- Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, rib cage
Appendicular skeleton
- Upper limbs, lower limbs, pectoral & pelvic girdles
2
Q
Skull
A
Composed of 22 different bones Protects the brain Supports vision, hearing, taste, & smell Intake of air, food, & fluid Calvaria is top or “skull cap”
3
Q
Skull
A
Brain case 2 parietal bones 2 temporal Frontal Occipital Sphenoid Ethmoid
4
Q
Superior View
A
4 bones are visible Pair parietal bones Frontal bone Occipital bone Coronal suture joins parietals to frontal bone Sagittal suture joins parietal bones Lambdoid joins parietals to occipital
5
Q
Posterior View
A
Parietals & occipital are visible Lambdoid suture joins parietals & occipital External occipital protuberance - Posterior surface of occipital - Attachment from ligamentum nuchae Nuchal lines - Small ridges - Attachment point for neck muscles
6
Q
Lateral View
A
Temporal bone - Contains auditory canal - Joined to parietal by squamous suture Mastoid process - Posterior to the ear that neck muscles attach Zygomatic - Cheekbone Mandible
7
Q
Anterior View
A
Maxilla - Interior to zygomatic Orbits - Nasolacrimal canal - Optic canal Nasal cavity Mandible
8
Q
Orbit
A
Nasolacrimal canal - Tears enter nasal cavity Optic canal - Optic nerve Superior & inferior fissure - Blood vessels and nerves Palantine bone - Medial wall
9
Q
Nasal Cavity
A
Nasal conchae - 3 bony shelves to increase surface area - Moistens and warms inhaled air Paranasal cavities - Large cavities to decrease weight - Act as resonating chambers - Named for bone they occupy
10
Q
Inferior View
A
Foramen magnum Occipital condyles Carotid canals Styloid process - Tongue, hyoid,& pharynx muscle Mandibular fossa Vomer - Posterior nasal septum
11
Q
Hyoid
A
- Unpaired
- No direct bony attachment to skeleton
- Muscle and ligaments attach it
- Provides attachment point for muscles of tongue and neck
12
Q
Vertebral Column (functions)
A
Functions
- Supports weight of head and trunk
- Protects the spinal cord
- Allows spinal nerves to exit the spinal cord
- Provides site for muscle attachment
- Permits movement of head and trunk
13
Q
Vertebral Column
A
Twenty-six bones in adult; 34 in embryo - 5 fuse to form sacrum - 4 or 5 coccygeal fuse to form the coccyx Regions - Cervical (7 vertebrae) - Thoracic (12 vertebrae) - Lumbar (5 vertebrae) - Sacral bone (1) - Coccygeal bone (1)
14
Q
Vertebrae
A
Body - Weight bearing portion Arch - Projects posteriorly from body Vertebral foramen - Opening in vertebrae Vertebral canal - Contains spinal cord
15
Q
Vertebrae
A
Transverse process - Extends laterally from arch Spinous process - Projects to posterior Intervertebral foramen - How spinal nerves exit spinal cord
16
Q
Intervertebral DIsks
A
Located between adjacent vertebrae
Functions
- Provide support
- Prevent vertebrae rubbing against each other
Consist of
- Annulus fibrosus: external
- Nucleus pulposus: internal and gelatinous
Becomes compressed with age and height decreases
With age, more susceptible to herniation
