Pharmacology: Terminology

Question 1

What is a drug?

Answer 1

substance intended for use in diagnosis, cure, txmt, or prevention of disease
humans or animals
substance w a physiological effect when introduced to body

Question 2

proprietary drug

Answer 2

• proven safe and effective with laboratory practices
• active ingredient and product were manufact under good manuf practices (GMP) in FDA inspected facilities
• therapeutic consistency, product quality, accurate drug shelf life and scientifically substantiate labeling are all federally mandated on these products

Question 3

What are names of FDA proprietary drugs?

Answer 3

• generic
• trade/brand
• chemical (do not know)

Question 4

what is the trend in potential for abuse of schedule drugs?

Answer 4

increases as you go from schedule V to schedule I

Question 5

what is the trend in medical use for schedule drugs?

Answer 5

increases as you move from schedule I to V
aka V is used most

Question 6

what is the trend in consequences of abuse for schedule drugs?

Answer 6

consequence of abuse increases move from V to I
I has highest consequence of abuse

Question 7

What are the differences between generic and proprietary drugs?

Answer 7

• cost
• excipients (inactive ingredients): may make more or less tolerable

Question 8

what are some similarities between generic and proprietary drugs?

Answer 8

• same API at same concentration and in same dose from and equivalent pharmokinetics and efficacy (bioequivalence)
• equivalent pharmacokinetics and efficacy

Question 9

what is a dose?

Answer 9

• quantity of medicine or drug taken at a particular time
• total mg or mg/kg

Question 10

dosage

Answer 10

• quantity and frequency of a dose of a medicine or drug
• twice daily, BID, q12h

Question 11

dosage regimen

Answer 11

• includes route of administration and duration of dosing
• mg/kg IV q 12 hours for 7 days

Question 12

pharmacodynamics (PD)

Answer 12

• study of physiologic effects of drugs and the mechanism of action
• what a drug does to the body

Question 13

pharmacokinetics (PK)

Answer 13

• absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
• what body does to a drug

Question 14

pharmacogenemoics

Answer 14

• study of how genes affect responses to drugs

Question 15

What are over the counter drugs?

Answer 15

• can be generic or brand name, same similarities and differences
• some can be used in animals but some are very dangerous to animals - need to know and educate owners on differences

Question 16

What are compounded drugs?

Answer 16

• manipulated drugs, other than in accordance to FDA, to make a different formulation of drug
• prescription or OTC

Question 17

what are the risks of compounded drugs?

Answer 17

• not tested for bioequivalence, efficacy, safety, strength, quality
• active ingredient may not be manufactured under GMP
• not FDA approved

Question 18

chemotherapy

Answer 18

• effect of drugs upon MO, parasites, and neoplastic cells living and multiplying in a living organism
• includes: antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal drugs also anti-parasitic drugs and cancer therapy

Question 19

toxicology

Answer 19

• study of undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems

Question 20

toxic effects

Answer 20

• always undesirable
• result from excessive pharmacological action of a drug due to OD or prolonged usage
• may still occur in some pts at therapeutic doses (idiosyncratic)

Question 21

side effect

Answer 21

• drug action outside desired site (can be good or bad)

Question 22

adverse reaction

Answer 22

• change in patient

Question 23

adverse drug event

Answer 23

• defines an adverse outcome that occurs while a patient is on a drug
• causality not determined
• may or may not be related to drug

Question 24

do all adverse drug reactions = adverse drug effects

Answer 24

yes

Question 25

do all adverse drug effects = adverse drug reactions

Answer 25

no