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Normal Animal > Neurobiology 4 > Flashcards

Neurobiology 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Structure of peripheral nerves:

A
  • axons - can be myelinated or unmyelinated
  • CT: endoneurium (around axons), perineurium (around bundles axons), epineurium (around nerves)
  • schwann cells - myelinate axons
  • blood vessels
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2
Q

how do you differentiate a nerve from an artery?

A
  • solid and do not stretch, arteries are hollow and stretchy
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3
Q

what are the parts of the peripheral nervous system?

A
  • somatic and autonomic
  • autonomic: enteric, sympathetic, parasympathetic
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4
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A
  • regulates involuntary physiological processes: heart rate, bp, respiration, digestion, sexual functioning
  • sympathetic, enteric, parasympathetic
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5
Q

discuss somatic nervous system

A
  • conscious sensation and voluntary movement
  • effects skeletal muscle
  • motor pathways: one neuron, one cell body in CNS
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6
Q

discuss autonomic nervous system

A
  • visceral sensation, cardiac and smooth muscle contraction, gland secretion
  • effects smooth muscle, glands, cardiac muscle
  • motor pathway: 2 neurons that synapse outside CNS
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7
Q

what is the function of sympathetic?

A

response to stress

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8
Q

what is the function of parasympathetic?

A

maintenance of homeostasis

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9
Q

response time of sympathetic

A
  • fast
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10
Q

response time of parasympathetic

A
  • slower
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11
Q

location of ganglia in sympathetic?

A
  • chain parallel to spinal cord
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12
Q

location of ganglia in parasympathetic

A

in or near target organ

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13
Q

What is the origin of the sympathetic?

A
  • lateral horns of thoracic and lumbar spinal grey matter
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14
Q

what is the origin of the parasympathetic

A

brainstem nuclei and sacral spinal grey matter

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15
Q

length of sympathetic axons

A

short pre, long postganglionic

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16
Q

length of parasympathetic axons

A

long preganglionic, short postganglionic

17
Q

neurotransmitter released by presynaptic neuron in sympathetic?

A

acetylcholine

18
Q

what is the neurotransmitter released by presynaptic neuron in parasympathetic?

A

acetylcholine

19
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released by post-synaptic neuron in sympathetic?

A

norepinephrine

20
Q

what is the neurotransmitter released by postsynaptic neuron in parasympathetic?

A

acetylcholine

21
Q

discuss sympathetic

A
  • fight, flight, or fright (imagine running from bear)
  • activated in stress
  • increased heart rate, resp rate, blood flow to muscles
  • dec digestive process
  • innervates almost every tissue in body
  • ganglia in chain next to cord
22
Q

motor pathways of sympathetic

A

preganglionic neuron: short axon, cell bodies in intermediolateral cell column, synapses in sympathetic ganglion, acetylcholine

postganglionic neuron: long axon, cell bodies in sympathetic ganglion, synapses on effector organ, norepinephrine

23
Q

sensory pathway of sympathetic:

A

cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

24
Q

adrenal gland

A
  • craniomedial to kidney
  • endocrine gland - releases chem msgs to blood
  • cortex: controlled by pituitary
  • medulla: controlled by sympathetic nerves, releases epi or norepi
25
Q

discuss parasympathetic

A
  • rest and digest
  • dec heart rate, bp, inc digestion
  • ganglia located in or near target organ
26
Q

motor pathways parasympathetic

A
  • preganglionic neuron: long, cell bodies in brain and cervical spinal cord, synapse in ganglia near or in target organ, acetylcholine
  • postganglionic neuron: short, cell bodies in parasympathetic ganglia, synapse on effector organ, acetylcholine
27
Q

sensory pathway of parasympathetic

A
  • similar to cranial and spinal nerves (sacral and brain)
  • follow cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
28
Q

enteric nervous system

A
  • web-like series of neurons located in wall of intestine
  • vagus and sympathetic

Normal Animal (22 decks)

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