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Normal Animal > Pharmacology of ANS > Flashcards

Pharmacology of ANS Flashcards

1
Q

parasympathetic receptors

A
  • muscarinic
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2
Q

parasympathomimetic

A
  • aka cholinergic - mimic acetylcholine
  • drugs that act as agonists at muscarinic receptors
  • mimic actions of the PNS
  • 2 major classes: cholinergic agonists and anticholinesterases
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3
Q

parasympatholytic

A
  • aka anticholinergic - block acetylcholine
  • drugs that act as antagonists at muscarinic receptors
  • interrupt parasympathetic nerve impulses in the CNS and ANS
  • prevent acetylcholine from stimulating cholinergic receptors
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4
Q

M2 receptor locations

A
  • heart
  • PSNS effector cells
  • cardiac muscles
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5
Q

M3 receptor locations

A
  • smooth muscle and exocrine
  • intestinal smooth muscle and glands
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6
Q

cholinergic agonists

A
  • mimic the action of acetylcholine
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7
Q

anticholinesterases

A
  • inhibit the destruction of acetylcholine by blocking acetylcholinesterase
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8
Q

action of cholinergic drugs

A
  • stimulate muscle contraction in target organs: parotid gland, eye, bladder, GI tract
  • SLUDD: salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation, digestion
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9
Q

clinical use of cholinergic drugs

A
  • stimulate GI motility and gastric emptying
  • stimulate bladder emptying
  • constrict pupil (some forms of glaucoma)
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10
Q

action of anticholinergic drugs

A
  • relax muscles in target organs: parotid gland, eye, bladder, GI tract
  • ADBUCT: anhidrosis (lack of sweeting), blurry vision (mydriasis/dry eye), dry mouth (decreased salivation), urine retention, constipation (ileus), tachycardia
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11
Q

clinical uses of anticholinergic drugs

A
  • bronchodilation
  • stop diarrhea
  • antiemetics (stop vomiting)
  • cause mydriasis (pupil dilation)
  • treat bradycardia (low hr)
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12
Q

sympathetic receptors

A
  • alpha adrenergic: a1 and a2
  • beta adrenergic: B1 and B2
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13
Q

adrenergic agonist drugs

A
  • aka sympathomimetics
  • mimic action of the SNS
  • 3 major classes
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14
Q

3 classes of sympathomimetic drugs

A
  • direct-acting: directly stim adrenergic receptors
  • indirect-acting: stimulate the release of NE from nerve endings in the synapse
  • dual-acting: do both
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15
Q

specificity of adrenergic agonist drugs

A
  • can work at one specific subtype of receptor, alpha or beta subtypes, or be a nonspecific agonist
  • specificity determines clinical use
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16
Q

a1 adrenergic agonist receptor location

A
  • blood vessels
  • eye
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17
Q

a1 adrenergic agonist actions

A
  • vasoconstriction
  • pupil dilation
18
Q

a1 adrenergic agonist drug clinical use

A
  • hypotension
  • anti-arrhythmic
  • mydriasis aka pupil dilation(weak, species specific)
19
Q

a1 adrenergic agonist drug adverse effects

A
  • hypertension
  • arrhythmias
  • CNS stimulation
20
Q

a2 adrenergic agonist drug receptor location

A
  • CNS
  • pancreas
21
Q

a2 adrenergic agonist drug action

A
  • decreased sympathetic outflow
  • decreased NE release
  • decreased insulin secretion
  • stimulation of receptors causes sympathetic inhibition!!! (weird one)
22
Q

a2 adrenergic agonist drugs clinical use

A
  • sedative
  • analgesic
  • muscle relaxation
  • anxiolysis
23
Q

a2 adrenergic agonist drugs adverse effects

A
  • initial hypertension (high bp) which results in a baroreceptor-mediated reflex bradycardia (slow hr)
    • leads to dec bp and CO
  • arrhythmias
  • vomiting (can be used to make cats vomit)
  • increase urine output
  • transient hyperglycemia
  • increased myometrial tone and intrauterine pressure
24
Q

B1 adrenergic agonist drugs receptor locations

A
  • heart
  • kidney
25
Q

B1 adrenergic agonist drug action

A
  • increased heart rate
  • increased heart contractility
  • increased renin release
26
Q

B1 adrenergic agonist drug clinical uses

A
  • hypotension - when under anesthesia or shock
  • bradycardia
27
Q

B1 adrenergic agonist drugs adverse effects

A
  • hypertension
  • tachycardia/arrhythmias
28
Q

B2 adrenergic agonist drugs location

A
  • lungs
  • uterus
  • blood vessels (not brain or skin)
29
Q

B2 adrenergic agonist drug actions

A
  • bronchodilation (main use)
  • uterine relaxation
  • vasodilation
30
Q

b2 adrenergic agonist drug clinical uses

A
  • respiratory disease/asthma
  • delaying parturition (birth)
31
Q

b2 adrenergic agonist drug adverse effects

A
  • tachycardia/myocardial necrosis
  • CNS excitement
  • muscle tremors
32
Q

trick for beta adrenergic agonist drugs

A
  • we have 1 heart but 2 lungs
33
Q

sympathetic receptors hint

A

alpha 1 - time to run

alpha 2s - time to snooze

beta 1 - hearts are achieving

beta 2 - means better breathing

34
Q

adrenergic antagonist drugs

A
  • aka sympatholytic drugs
    • block actions of SNS
    • most drugs in this class will be specific for either alpha or beta receptors
35
Q

alpha adrenergic antagonists

A
  • “alpha blockers”
  • alpha 1 antagonists
  • alpha 2 antagonists
36
Q

alpha 1 antagonists

A
  • treat congestive heart failure/hypertension; treat urine retention
37
Q

alpha 2 antagonists

A
  • reverse the sedation and bradycardic effects of alpha-2 agonists
38
Q

beta adrenergic antagonists

A
  • “beta blockers”
  • beta 1 antagonists
  • beta 2 antagonists
39
Q

beta 1 antagonists

A
  • treat congestive heart failure/ arrhythmias
40
Q

beta 2 antagonists

A
  • no specific uses
  • most beta1 have beta 2 antagonist ability
    • use with caution in asthmatic patients
41
Q

epinephrine

A
  • nonspecific adrenergic agonist
  • increases hr and bp
  • causes bronchodilation
  • decreases GI motility
  • dilates pupil
  • used in ER
42
Q

atropine

A
  • nonspecific cholinergic antagonist
  • increases hr and bp
  • causes bronchodilation
  • decreases GI motility
  • dilates pupil
  • used in ER

Normal Animal (22 decks)

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