Embryology Flashcards
1
Q
Growth
A
- increase in size:
- number of cells
- size of cells
- amount of ECM
2
Q
Patterning
A
- establishing correct orientation of preprogrammed subgroups of cell to each other or to surrounding tissues
- ex: dermoid growth on cornea
3
Q
Differentiation
A
- cell becomes committed to cell lineage
4
Q
Morphogenesis
A
- any change in shape of individual cells or tissues
5
Q
Apoptosis
A
- programmed cell death, differs from necrosis when cells die and disintegrate
6
Q
Induction
A
- fate of cells is determined by interactions with another group of cells
7
Q
Instructive Induction
A
- a cell receives signal and follows developmental pathway, without signal the cell would follow a different path
8
Q
Permissive Induction
A
- cell already on path, needs additional signal to continue down path
9
Q
Cleavage
A
- dividing into multiple cells (half the size)
10
Q
Blastomere
A
- first division of zygote produces two of these (daughter cells)
11
Q
Morula
A
- repeated division of blastomeres results in many cells in a solid sphere
- cells continue dividing but morula does not grow in size
- superficial cells become trophoblast (extra-embryonic membranes)
- internal cells become inner cell mass (embryo)
12
Q
Blastocyst
A
- aka blastula
- fluid accumulates embryo is now this
13
Q
Epiblast
A
- cells become the embryo
14
Q
Hypoblast
A
- become extraembryonic membranes
15
Q
Gastrulation
A
- process of germ layer formation
- endoderm forms first from inner cell mass
- formation of primitive streak which forms notochord
- at end composed all 3 layers
