Neurobiology 2 (Brain and Nerves) Flashcards
What are the 2 parts of prosencephalon?
- telencephalon and diencephalon
Where is the prosencephalon and what are the parts?
- forebrain
- diencephalon and telencephalon
What is in the telencephalon?
- cerebral cortex and hippocampus
- also basal ganglia
What is in the diencephalon?
- thalamus and hypothalamus
- also basal ganglia
What is in the mesencephalon?
midbrain and basal ganglia
what is in the rhombencephalon?
- metencephalon and myelencephalon
What parts are in the metencephalon?
- pons and cerebellum
What parts are in the myelencephalon?
medulla
What is the pink region?
- telencephalon (cerebrum + hippocampus)
What is the blue region?
diencephalon (thalamus and hypothalamus)
What is the orange region?
- mesencephalon (midbrain)
What is the yellow region?
metencephalon (cerebellum and pons)
What is the green region?
myelencephalon (medulla)
What is the function of the medulla?
- breathing and blood pressure
What is the function of the pons?
facial movement, hearing, balance, respiration
What is the function of the thalamus?
- relay station for input to cerebral cortex
What is the function of the hypothalamus?
- endocrine regulation, appetite, emotional behavior
What is the function of the basal ganglia?
procedural learning, voluntary movement
What is the function of the hippocampus?
- learning and memory
What is the function of the cerebellum?
- maintenance of posture and balance
What is the function of the cerebrum?
high level processing and integration of sensory stimuli, initiation of motor responses
What is at 1?
cerebral cortex (gray)
What is at 2?
cerebral cortex (white)
What is at 3?
corpus callosum
What is at 4?
thalamus
What is at 5?
hypothalamus
What is at 6?
pineal gland
What is at 7?
pituitary gland
What is at 8?
midbrain
What is at 9?
pons
What is at 10?
cerebellum
What is at 11?
medulla
What is at 12?
spinal cord
What does the grey matter contain?
mostly cell bodies and dendrites
What does white matter contain?
mostly axons
How does the matter organize in spinal cord?
- grey matter inside (the horns), white matter outside
How does the matter organize in the brainstem?
- gray matter in small balls around outside, white matter majority
How does the matter organize in the brain?
- gray matter outside forms lobes
- white matter inside
Discuss spinal nerves
- arise from spinal cord
- innervate caudal to head (mostly)
- cell bodies in dorsal root ganglia or ventral horn
- # = vertebrae
Discuss cranial nerves
- arise from brain
- innervate structure in head and neck (mostly)
- may be sensory, motor, or mixed
cell body in nuclei within brain or ganglia outside brain - 12 pairs
Cranial Nerve I
- olfactory
- sensory: smell
- in telencephalon
Cranial Nerve II
- optic
- sensory: vision
- in diancephalon
Cranial Nerve III
- occulomotor
- mesencephalon
- motor: eye movement
Cranial Nerve IV
- trochlear
- motor: eye movement
- mesencephalon
Cranial Nerve V
- trigeminal
- sensory: facial sensation
- motor: muscles of mastication
- metencephalon
Cranial Nerve VI
- abducent
- myelencephalon
- sensory: none
- motor: eye movement
Cranial Nerve: VII
- facial
- myelencephalon
- sensory: ear sensation
- motor: facial expression
Cranial Nerve VIII:
- vestibulocochlear
- myelencephalon
- sensory: hearing and balance
Cranial Nerve IX:
- glossopharyngeal
- myelencephalon
- sensory: throat sensation
- motor: throat muscles
Cranial nerve X
- vagus nerve
- myelencephalon
- sensory: internal organ sensation
- motor: internal organ muscle contraction/ gland secretion
Cranial Nerve XI:
- spinal accessory
- myelencephalon
- motor: movement of head and neck
Cranial Nerve XII:
- hypoglossal
- myelencephalon
- motor: tongue movement
lyssencephelic
“smooth brain”
- birds, rodents, koalas, bats, some primates
Mnemonics for nerves
- Oh Oh Oh They Traveled And Found Voldermort Guarding Very Ancient Horcurxes
- Some say marry money but my brother says big brains matter most
dermatome
- sensory component carries information from a specific area of skin, and muscles, organs, and connective tissue from that area
