Pharmacology: Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
two layers of lipoproteins
- hydrophobic core (cholesterol and TAGs)
2. hydrophilic coat (phospholipids, cholesterol)
four classes of lipoproteins
- HDL (apoA-I and apoA-II)
- LDL (apoB-100)
- VLDL (apoB-100)
- chylomicrons (apoB-48)
role of apoB-containing lipoproteins
deliver TAGs to muscle for ATP and adipocytes for storage
three stages in the lifecycle of apoB-containing lipoproteins
- assembly
- intravascular metabolism
- receptor mediated clearance
where are apoB-100 lipoproteins synthesised?
liver
where are apoB-48 lipoproteins synthesised?
intestine (NPC1L1)
how are chylomicrons and VLDLs activated?
apoC-II from HDL
what does apoC-II facilitate?
binding of chylomicrons and VLDL to LPL
what does LPL do?
hydrolyses TAGs
receptor mediated clearance
remnants return to the liver
why is LDL bad cholesterol
LDL ix oxidised to OXLDL in the artery which causes migration of monocytes which turn into macrophages and take up OXLDL and form foam cells to make a fatty streak, which stimulates proliferation of smooth muscle and deposition of collagen and formation of a plaque
why is HDL good cholesterol?
it transfers excess cholesterol from plasma membrane to the liver which removes cholesterol from the body
two classes of drugs that lower lipids
- statins
2. fibrates
examples of statins
simvastatin
atrovastatin
what are statins first lines for?
reducing LDLs
