Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiology: Key Information > 4th Year Extra bits > Flashcards

4th Year Extra bits Flashcards

1
Q

what is the QRISK2 score?

A

scoring system used to assess risk of CVD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

who should get their QRISK2 score done?

A

84 years and younger
diabetics
renal disease?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

hypertension management pathway

A
  • ACEI/ ARB or CCB
  • ACEI/ARB + CCB
  • ACEI/ARB + CCB + thiazide-like diuretic
  • K+ >4.5mmol/l beta or alpha blocker, if K+ <4.5mmol/L spironolactone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lifestyle management in hypertension

A 
low salt diet
reduce caffeine
stop smoking
reduce alcohol
diet
exercise
weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

management of malignant hypertension

A

IV labetalol/ GTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

presentation of malignant hypertension

A 
men in 5th decade
HA
vomiting
visual disturbance
convulsions
papilloedema
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

in hypertension and diabetes what is first line management for all regardless of age?

A

ACEI/ ARB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what QRISK2 score should atorvastatin 20mg be started?

A

10% or greater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what dose of atorvastatin should be started in QRISK 10% or greater in those with CVD?

A

80mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

monitoring when starting statins?

A

recheck lipid level at 3 months to check for >40% reduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what to do if >40% reduction not achieved?

A

check compliance
diet advice/ lifestyle
increase dose (80mg is max)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is normal lipid level?

A

<10mmol/L

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

who should be offered atorvastatin 20mg?

A

type 1 diabetics
CKD
CVD
check QRISK2 in type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

warnings to give when starting statins?

A

grapefruit juice interaction
muscle pain prior to starting
if muscle pains develop seek medical advice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

when are statins CI?

A

pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are Osler’s nodes?

A

tender on ends of fingers and toes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what are Janeway lesions?

A

non-tender lesions on palms and soles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Duke’s criteria for endocardtiis diagnosis

A

2 major, 1 major + 3 minor, or 5 minor for diagnosis
 Major= blood culture positive for typical organism or persistently positive and evidence of endocardial involvement
 Minor= fever, previous heart condition or IVDU, immunological phenomena, vascular phenomena or positive blood culture with atypical bacteria.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

immunological phenomena in endocarditis

A 
Osler’s
Roth
GN
clubbing
petechiae
arthralgia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

vascular phenomena in endocarditis

A 
mycotic aneurysms
janeway
septic emboli
intracranial haemorrhage
visceral infarct
splinter haemorrhages
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

grading angina

A 
I = angina on strenuous or prolonged exertion
II = slight limitation in ordinary activity, angina in moderate activity
III = marked limitation of ordinary, angina on mild
IV = unable to carry out activities without angina, may occur at rest
22
Q

what is decubitus angina?

A

precipitated by lying flat

23
Q

what is variant/prinzmental angina?

A

coronary artery spasm

24
Q

management of ischaemic stroke

A

thrombolysis within 4.5 hours of onset
thrombectomy within 6 hours (or 24 if limited infarct core volume)
aspirin 300mg for 2 weeks (+ PPI if needed)

25
Q

dosage of aspirin in MI

A

300mg

26
Q

management of MI

A

MONA +C/T (clopidogrel if high risk of bleeding, ticagrelor if no risk)
PCI within 12 hours + 120 minutes (72 hours if NSTEMI or unstable angina)
thrombolysis if >120 minutes

27
Q

long-term management post-MI

A 
aspirin (lifelong+ PPI if needed, if sensitivity give clopidogrel)
beta blocker (12 months, unless reduce LVEF then lifelong)
ACEI/ ARB (check renal function before and 1-2 weeks after)
statin (life-long, started within 48 hours)
28
Q

what is Beck’s triad?

A

muffled heart sounds
low BP
raised JVP

seen in pericardial effusion

29
Q

who always gets ACEI first line for BP no matter ethnicity or age?

A

diabetics

30
Q

management of acute heart failure

A

IV loop

additions= oxygen, nitrates, CPAP, dobutamine, NE

31
Q

management of chronic heart failure

A

first line= ACEI + beta blocker
2nd= spironolactone
3rd= digoxin/ ivabradine/ enestero

32
Q

bradycardia management

A

atropine 500mcg IV

pacing

33
Q

a wave in JVP

A

atrial contraction

34
Q

x waves in JVP

A

relaxation of atria

35
Q

c wave in JVP

A

systolic contraction

36
Q

v wave in JVP

A

right atrium fills with blood

37
Q

y wave in JVP

A

tricuspid valve opens

38
Q

indications for CABG

A 
severe angina unresponsive to medical therapy
marked ST depression on exercise ECG
left main stem stenosis
severe triple vessel disease
angina with left ventricular dysfunction
39
Q

indications for temporary pacing

A

unstable bradycardia not responding to atropine
post-anterior MI with heart block
trifascicular block prior to surgery

40
Q

management of warfarin in bleeding

A
  • Major bleeding= stop warfarin, give vit K 5mg IV and prothrombin complex concentrate
  • INR >8.0 minor bleeding/ no bleeding= stop warfarin, give IV vit K 1-3mg, repeat if still high after 24 hours. Restart warfarin when INR <5
  • INR 5-8 minor bleeding= stop warfarin, give IV vit K 1-3mg and restart when <5.0
  • INR 5-8 no bleeding= withhold 1 or 2 doses, reduce maintenance dose
41
Q

when is valve replacement indicated?

A

symptomatic

gradient >40mmHg

42
Q

constrictive pericarditis sign?

A

Kussmaul’s sign (raised JVP that does not fall with inspiration

43
Q

what to do if the cardiac arrest if witnessed on monitor?

A

3 successive shocks then CPR

44
Q

MI medically treatment instead of PCI/ thrombolysis

A

aspirin + ticagrelor + fondaparinux (+ nitrates if BP good)

45
Q

who should be offered atorvastatin 20mg?

A

QRISK2 score >10%

if already CVD give 80mg

46
Q

when to recheck lipids after starting a statin?

A

3 months later aiming for >40% reduction (if not chat about lifestyle and consider dose increase - max is 80mg)

47
Q

who should be considered for 20mg statins without lipid check?

A

diabetics

CKD

48
Q

warnings in statin use?

A

grapefruit juice

muscle pain - doctor + check CK

49
Q

what are statins CI in?

A

pregnancy

50
Q

timing for PCI

A

2hours

51
Q

long-term management of MI

A 
aspirin (+ PPI - if cannot tolerate use clopidogrel)
beta blocker (metoprolol) for 12 months, if LVEF then lifelong
ACEI/ARB (check renal function before and 1-2 weeks later)
statin lifelong
52
Q

rate control CCB (dipyramindaole??)

A

verapamil

nifedipine

Cardiology: Key Information (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions