Pericardial effusion

Question 1

define a pericardial effusion

Answer 1

abnormal collection of fluid in the pericardial cavity which can lead to cardiac tamponade

Question 2

define cardiac tamponade

Answer 2

build up of fluid in the pericardial sac prevents the heart pumping effectively

Question 3

presentation of pericardial effusion

Answer 3

SOB
orthopnoea
chest pain (behind breastbone)
chest fullness

Question 4

diagnosis of pericardial effusion

Answer 4

echocardiogram
ECG
CXR

Question 5

define haemopericardium

Answer 5

when the pericardial sac is filled with blood

Question 6

management of pericardial effusion

Answer 6

• pericardiocentesis ( needle inserted via the infrasternal angle and directed superoposteriorly)
• open heart surgery