PHARMACOLOGY

Question 1

which direction should you apply topical drugs

why

Answer 1

downwards

so you dont block the hair follicles

Question 2

what kind of things are topical used for (5)

Answer 2

skin disorders
skin infections 
itching 
dry skin 
warts

Question 3

what are the limiting factors of topical administration of drugs (why they dont always work) (2)

Answer 3

only some drugs can diffuse from epidermis to capillaries

hard to get right dosage

Question 4

benefits of topical administration of drugs (3)

Answer 4

drugs avoid first pass metabolism (liver/intestines, go straight to blood)
painless
no sterilisation needed

Question 5

what are the types (vehicles) of topical administration (5)

Answer 5

cream 
ointment 
lotion 
gel 
paste

Question 6

what is the ratio of oil to water in cream

Answer 6

1:1

Question 7

what is the ratio of oil to water in an ointment

Answer 7

4:1

Question 8

which type of topical administration is known as being greasy

Answer 8

ointment

Question 9

where in the body is a lotion used

Answer 9

hair

Question 10

where in the body are gels used

Answer 10

scalp/face

Question 11

why would you use a paste as topical administration

Answer 11

in bandages

Question 12

what does choice of vehicle affect

Answer 12

rate of absorption into the keratin layer

Question 13

how are keratinocytes arranged in the keratin layer

how does this mean the drugs travel

Answer 13

brick like pattern

zig zag pattern

Question 14

which law calculates the rate of absorption of a drug

Answer 14

ficks law

Question 15

what is ficks law (equation)

Answer 15

J = (DKm/L)Cv

where;
J = rate
D = diffusion coefficient 
Km = partition coefficient 
L = length of diffusion pathway 
Cv = conc of drug

Question 16

what are the side effects of topical steroids

Answer 16

thin skin
stretch marks
rash

Question 17

what are emollients used for

Answer 17

rehydration of skin (dry/scaly skin)

Question 18

example of emollient use

Answer 18

eczema

Question 19

example of emollient

Answer 19

paraffin

Question 20

what might be used in addition to emollients in a kid with eczema

Answer 20

wet wrap therapy (put on emollient cream then wet bandage then dry bandage)

Question 21

which emollient is highly flammable

Answer 21

paraffin

Question 22

examples of antiseptic topicals

Answer 22

hydrogen peroxide
potassium permanganate
triclosan

Question 23

use of antiseptic topicals

Answer 23

recurrent infections

wound irrigation

Question 24

what is a topical antiviral used for

Answer 24

cold sores (herpes simplex)

Question 25

example of a topical antifungal

Answer 25

clotrimazole

Question 26

what is a topical antifungal used for

Answer 26

candida (thrush)

Question 27

example of a topical keratolytic

Answer 27

salicylic acid

Question 28

what is a topical keratolytic used for

Answer 28

viral warts 
corns
calluses 
hyperkeratotic eczema 
psoriasis

Question 29

what does a topical keratolytic do

Answer 29

soften keratin

Question 30

why is wet bandaging useful

who is it good for

Answer 30

stop scratching and itching when a topical is applied

children

Question 31

what is transdermal drug delivery

Answer 31

drug delivery through a patch

Question 32

disadvantage of transdermal drug delivery

Answer 32

cost

Question 33

what is subcutaneous drug delivery

Answer 33

by a needle, into the subcutaneous fat

Question 34

what is good about subcutaneous drug delivery

Answer 34

absorption into blood is slow (may also be a disadvantage)