PHARMACOLOGY Flashcards
which direction should you apply topical drugs
why
downwards
so you dont block the hair follicles
what kind of things are topical used for (5)
skin disorders skin infections itching dry skin warts
what are the limiting factors of topical administration of drugs (why they dont always work) (2)
only some drugs can diffuse from epidermis to capillaries
hard to get right dosage
benefits of topical administration of drugs (3)
drugs avoid first pass metabolism (liver/intestines, go straight to blood)
painless
no sterilisation needed
what are the types (vehicles) of topical administration (5)
cream ointment lotion gel paste
what is the ratio of oil to water in cream
1:1
what is the ratio of oil to water in an ointment
4:1
which type of topical administration is known as being greasy
ointment
where in the body is a lotion used
hair
where in the body are gels used
scalp/face
why would you use a paste as topical administration
in bandages
what does choice of vehicle affect
rate of absorption into the keratin layer
how are keratinocytes arranged in the keratin layer
how does this mean the drugs travel
brick like pattern
zig zag pattern
which law calculates the rate of absorption of a drug
ficks law
what is ficks law (equation)
J = (DKm/L)Cv
where; J = rate D = diffusion coefficient Km = partition coefficient L = length of diffusion pathway Cv = conc of drug
what are the side effects of topical steroids
thin skin
stretch marks
rash
what are emollients used for
rehydration of skin (dry/scaly skin)
example of emollient use
eczema
example of emollient
paraffin
what might be used in addition to emollients in a kid with eczema
wet wrap therapy (put on emollient cream then wet bandage then dry bandage)
which emollient is highly flammable
paraffin
examples of antiseptic topicals
hydrogen peroxide
potassium permanganate
triclosan
use of antiseptic topicals
recurrent infections
wound irrigation
what is a topical antiviral used for
cold sores (herpes simplex)
example of a topical antifungal
clotrimazole
what is a topical antifungal used for
candida (thrush)
example of a topical keratolytic
salicylic acid
what is a topical keratolytic used for
viral warts corns calluses hyperkeratotic eczema psoriasis
what does a topical keratolytic do
soften keratin
why is wet bandaging useful
who is it good for
stop scratching and itching when a topical is applied
children
what is transdermal drug delivery
drug delivery through a patch
disadvantage of transdermal drug delivery
cost
what is subcutaneous drug delivery
by a needle, into the subcutaneous fat
what is good about subcutaneous drug delivery
absorption into blood is slow (may also be a disadvantage)
