Pharmacology

Question 1

Adrenergic

Answer 1

Use of epinephrine or epinephrine like substances as a neurotransmitter

Question 2

Agonist

Answer 2

Drugs that combine with receptors and initiate the expected response

Question 3

Antagonist

Answer 3

Agents designed to inhibit or counteract the effects of other drugs or undesired effects caused by normal or hyperactive physiological mechanisms

Question 4

Anticholinergic

Answer 4

The blocking of acetylcholine receptors resulting in inhibition of transmission of parasympathetic nerve impulses

Question 5

Biological half life

Answer 5

The time required to metabolize or eliminate half the total amount of a drug in the body

Question 6

Cholinergic

Answer 6

The effects produced by the parasympathetic nervous system or drugs that stimulate or antagonize the parasympathetic nervous system

Question 7

Cumulative action

Answer 7

The effect that occurs when several doses of a drug are administered or when absorption occurs more quickly than the removal by excretion or metabolism or both

Question 8

Drug interaction

Answer 8

Modification of the effects of one drug by the previous or concurrent administration of another drug thereby increasing or diminishing the pharmacological or physiological action of one or both drugs

Question 9

Drug receptors

Answer 9

Parts of a cell with which a drug molecule interacts to trigger its desired response or effect

Question 10

First pass metabolism

Answer 10

The initial bio transformation of a drug during passage through the liver from the portal vein that occurs before the drug reaches the general circulation

Question 11

Idiosyncrasy

Answer 11

An abnormal or peculiar response to a drug

Question 12

Loading dose

Answer 12

A large quantity of drug that temporarily exceeds the capacity of the body to excrete the drug

Question 13

Maintenance dose

Answer 13

The amount of a drug required to keep a desired steady state of drug concentration In tissues

Question 14

Parenteral

Answer 14

Any medication route other than the mouth

Question 15

Pharmaceutics

Answer 15

The science of dispensing drugs

Question 16

Pharmacodynamics

Answer 16

The study of how the drug acts am a living organism

Question 17

Pharmacokinetics

Answer 17

The study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time including the processes of absorption , distribution , bio transformation and excretion

Question 18

Potentiation

Answer 18

Enhancement of the effect of a drug caused by concurrent administration of two drugs in which one drug increases the effects of the other

Question 19

Summation

Answer 19

The combined effects of two drugs that equal the sum of the individual effects of each agent

Question 20

Synergism

Answer 20

The combined action of two drugs that is greater than the sum of each agent acting independently

Question 21

Therapeutic action

Answer 21

The desired intended action of a drug

Question 22

Therapeutic index

Answer 22

A measurement of the relative safety of a drug

Question 23

Untoward effects

Answer 23

Side effects that prove harmful to the patient

Question 24

Drug interaction

Answer 24

Epi and sodium bicarbonate cannot be mixed since it causes to crystallize

Question 25

Atropine

Answer 25

Blocks the muscarinic but not the nicotinic receptor sites, affects the heart rate but does not cause paralysis

Question 26

Chronotropic

Answer 26

Drugs that affect the heart rate

Question 27

Dromotropic

Answer 27

Affects the conduction velocity through the conducting tissues of the heart

Question 28

Inotropic

Answer 28

Increase cardiac contraction