Pharmacology

Question 1

Osmotic Diuretic used for drug overdose; to decrease ICP and IOP

Answer 1

Mannitol

Question 2

C/I of Mannitol

Answer 2

Anuria, CHF

Question 3

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor that causes self-limites NaHCO3 diuresis and decreases HCO3-

Answer 3

Acetazolamide

Question 4

Glaucoma, urinary alkalinization, metabolic alkalosis, altitude sickness, pseudotumor cerebri

Answer 4

Acetazolamide

Question 5

Toxic effects of Acetazolamide

Answer 5

Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, paresthesia, NH3 toxicity, sulfa allergy

Question 6

Sulfonamide loop diuretic

Answer 6

Furosemide

Question 7

Inhibits Na/K/2Cl of TAL abolishing hypertonicity of medulla

Answer 7

Furosemide and Ethacrynic acid (loops)

Question 8

Diuretic that stimulates PGE release (dilates afferent)

Answer 8

Furosemide and Ethacrynic acid (loops)

Question 9

Diuresis in patients allergic to sulfa drugs

Answer 9

Ethacrynic Acid (Phenoxyacetic acid loop)

Question 10

Toxicity of Loops

Answer 10

Ototoxicity, hypokalemia, dehydration, allergy (sulfa if furosemide), nephritis (interstitial), gout

Question 11

MoA of Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 11

inhibits NaCl reabsorption in early DCT decreasing the diluting capacity of the nephron. Decrease calcium excretion

Question 12

Clinical Uses of Hydrochlorothiazide

Answer 12

HTN, CHF, idiopathic hypercalciuria, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, osteoporosis

Question 13

Toxicity of Hydrochlorothiazides

Answer 13

Hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis, hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia, and hypercalcemia. sulfa Ax

Question 14

Potassium Sparing Diuretics - aldosterone receptor antagonists

Answer 14

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Question 15

Potassium Sparing Diuretics - blocks ENaC

Answer 15

Triamterine, Amiloride

Question 16

Drug used for Hyperaldosteronism, K+ depletion, CHF

Answer 16

Potassium sparing diuretics

Question 17

End in -pril

Answer 17

ACE inhibitors

Question 18

MoA of ACE inhibitors on kidney

Answer 18

prevents constriction of efferent arterioles

Question 19

Prevents inactivation of bradykinin, a potent vasodilator

Answer 19

ACE inhibitors

Question 20

What to use instead of ACE-I if patient develops a cough or angioedema

Answer 20

ARBs

Question 21

Use for diabetic nephropathy

Answer 21

ACE-I

Question 22

prevent unfavorable heart remodeling as a result of chronic HTN

Answer 22

ACE-I

Question 23

ACE-I toxicity

Answer 23

CATCHH

Cough; Angioedema; teratogen (fetal renal malformation); increase creatinine (decrease GFR); HyperK; Hypotension

Question 24

AVoid in BL renal artery stenosis

Answer 24

ACE-I; it will further decrease GFR and cause renal failure