Pharm One-liners

Question 1

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

Answer 1

Acetazolamide

Question 2

Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma

Answer 2

Acetazolamide

Question 3

Side effects of acetazolamide

Answer 3

Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (precipitate Ca salts), hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment

Question 4

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

Answer 4

inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter

Question 5

Diuretic used in hypertensive patients with renal failure

Answer 5

Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid, butmetanide)

Question 6

Site of action of loop diuretics

Answer 6

TAL

Question 7

Side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 7

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity

Question 8

Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate this adverse effect

Answer 8

Ototoxicity

Question 9

An electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides

Answer 9

Calcium

Question 10

Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics

Answer 10

Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport

Question 11

Diuretic used as first line for treatment of hypertension

Answer 11

Thiazides

Question 12

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

Answer 12

Early distal convoluted tubule

Question 13

Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics

Answer 13

Sulfonamides

Question 14

Side effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 14

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia

Question 15

Mechanism of action of amiloride

Answer 15

Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct

Question 16

Mechanism of action of spironolactone

Answer 16

Inhibit mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor resulting in inhibition of Na/K-ATPase and ENaC synthesis

Question 17

Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism

Answer 17

Spironolactone, eplerenone

Question 18

Side effect of spironolactone

Answer 18

Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence

Question 19

Diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure

Answer 19

Mannitol

Question 20

Diuretics work in congestive failure by

Answer 20

Reducing Preload

Question 21

Antidiuretic hormone analog used for central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis

Answer 21

Desmopressin

Question 22

Agents used for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion

Answer 22

Tolvaptan and conivaptan

Question 23

An early generation tetracycline that may be used for chronic persistant syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion

Answer 23

Demeclocycline

Question 24

Side effect of demeclocycline

Answer 24

Stunted bone growth and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age

Question 25

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis

Answer 25

Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin

Question 26

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis

Answer 26

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole