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First Aid Renal > Pharm One-liners > Flashcards

Pharm One-liners Flashcards

1
Q

Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor

A

Acetazolamide

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2
Q

Diuretic used as prophylactic for mountain sickness and glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide

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3
Q

Side effects of acetazolamide

A

Paresthesias, alkalization of the urine (precipitate Ca salts), hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, and encephalopathy in patients with hepatic impairment

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of loop diuretics

A

inhibits Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter

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5
Q

Diuretic used in hypertensive patients with renal failure

A

Loop diuretics (furosemide, ethacrynic acid, butmetanide)

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6
Q

Site of action of loop diuretics

A

TAL

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7
Q

Side effects of loop diuretics

A

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and ototoxicity

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8
Q

Aminoglycosides used with loop diuretics potentiate this adverse effect

A

Ototoxicity

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9
Q

An electrolyte that is lost in the urine by acute treatment with loop diuretics but can be retained by thiazides

A

Calcium

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransport

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11
Q

Diuretic used as first line for treatment of hypertension

A

Thiazides

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12
Q

Site of action of thiazide diuretics

A

Early distal convoluted tubule

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13
Q

Class of drugs that may cause cross-sensitivity with thiazide diuretics

A

Sulfonamides

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14
Q

Side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

Hyperuricemia, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperglycemia

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15
Q

Mechanism of action of amiloride

A

Inhibit epithelial sodium channels in the distal convoluted tubules and collecting duct

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16
Q

Mechanism of action of spironolactone

A

Inhibit mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptor resulting in inhibition of Na/K-ATPase and ENaC synthesis

17
Q

Diuretic used to treat primary aldosteronism

A

Spironolactone, eplerenone

18
Q

Side effect of spironolactone

A

Gynecomastia hyperkalemia, and impotence

19
Q

Diuretic used to reduce intracranial pressure

A

Mannitol

20
Q

Diuretics work in congestive failure by

A

Reducing Preload

21
Q

Antidiuretic hormone analog used for central diabetes insipidus and nocturnal enuresis

A

Desmopressin

22
Q

Agents used for syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion

A

Tolvaptan and conivaptan

23
Q

An early generation tetracycline that may be used for chronic persistant syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion

A

Demeclocycline

24
Q

Side effect of demeclocycline

A

Stunted bone growth and teeth discoloration for children under 8 years of age

25
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute uncomplicated cystitis

A

Nitrofurantoin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin

26
Q

Antibacterials for optimal treatment of acute pyelonephritis

A

Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

First Aid Renal (14 decks)

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