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First Aid Renal > Infections/Necrosis > Flashcards

Infections/Necrosis Flashcards

1
Q

Suprapubic pain, dysuria, urinary frequency and urgency NO SYSTEMIC SIGNS

A

Acute Infectious cystitis

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2
Q

Most common cause of Acute Infectious cystitis

A

E. coli

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3
Q

Sexually active young women

A

S. saprophyticus

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4
Q

ammonia scent

A

Proteus mirabilis

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5
Q

hemorrhagic cystitis

A

adenovirus

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6
Q

sterile pyuria and negative urine cultures

A

N. gonorrhea, and chlamydia

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7
Q

Positive leukocyte esterase

A

acute infectious cystitis

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8
Q

Nitrates in urine

A

Gram negative organisms

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9
Q

Culture > 100,000 CFU

A

gold standard for acute infectious cystitis

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10
Q

Dysuria, fever, costovertebral angle tenderness, N/V

A

Acute Pyelonephritis

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11
Q

White cell casts in urine

CT shows striated parenchymal enhancement

A

acute Pyelonephritis

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12
Q

Risk factors for acute pyelonephritis

A

indwelling catheter; urinary obstruction; DM; pregnancy

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13
Q

Tx of Acute pyelonephritis

A

Antibiotics

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14
Q

Causes of Acute Pyelonephritis

A

UTI (E. coli); VUR; hematogenous spread to kidney

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15
Q

Causes of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Kids

A

VUR

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16
Q

Causes of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Adults

A

recurrent kidney stones

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17
Q

Thyroidization of Kidney

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis (eosinophilic casts in tubules)

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18
Q

Coarse, asymmetric corticomedullary scarring, blunted calyx

A

Chronic Pyelonephritis

19
Q

Drugs that can cause interstitial nephritis 1-2 weeks after taking them

A

diuretics, penicillin, sulfonamides, rifampin (or months after starting NSAIDs)

20
Q

Cause of diffuse cortical necrosis

A

combo of DIC and vasospasm; associated with abruptio placentae and septic shock

21
Q

Most common cause of intrinsic renal failure

A

Acute tubular necrosis

22
Q

“muddy brown casts”

A

Acute tubular necrosis

23
Q

Most common areas of ischemic injury to nephron

A

Proximal tubule and TAL

24
Q

Most common area of nephrotoxic injury to nephron

A

Proximal tubule

25
Q

Toxic substances to nephron

A

aminoglycosides, radiocontrast, lead, cisplatin, crushinjury so myoglobinuria, hemoglobinuria

26
Q

tubules lose nuclei and slough off into tubule

A

Acute tubular necrosis

27
Q

Death most likely occurs in what phase of acute tubular necrosis

A

oliguric phase

28
Q

Renal papillary necrosis triggers

A

DM; Acute pyelonephritis; Sickle cell anemia and trait; Chronic phenacetin use like acetaminophen

29
Q

Prerenal azotemia

A

decrease in RBF; decrease GFR; BUN/creatinine ratio increases

30
Q

Intrinsic renal failure

A

due to acute tubular necrosis or ischemia/toxins; patchy necrosis blocks tubule and fluid backflows decreasing GFR. decrease in BUN/creatinine ratio

31
Q

Postrenal Azotemia

A

Outflow obstruction/stones, BPH, neoplasia, only occurs with BL obstruction. decreased GFR

32
Q

Consequences of Renal Failure

A 
MAD HUNGER
Metabolic Acidosis (anion gap); Dyslipidemia (TGs); Hyperkalemia; Uremia; Na retention; Growth retardation; Erythropoietin failure; Renal osteodystrophy
33
Q

Uremia

A

increased BUN and creatinine; nausea and anorexia; pericarditis; asterixis; encephalopathy; platelet dysfunction

34
Q

Renal Osteodystrophy

A

can’t make vit D do damage to bone like osteitis fibrosa cystica; osteomalacia; osteoporosis

35
Q

Innumerable cysts causing BL enlarged kidneys with increased renin; autosomal dominant disease

A

ADPKD

36
Q

1 mutation associated with ADPKD

A

PKD1 on chromosome 16 (85%)

PKD2 on chromosome 4 (15%)

37
Q

Associated with berry aneurysms, MVP, benign hepatic cysts

A

ADPKD

38
Q

Congenital hepatic fibrosis is associated with this kidney disease

A

Infantile or ARPKD

39
Q

Potter Sequence

A

Significant failure of kidneys in infants; associated with ARPKD

40
Q

shrunken kidneys on ultrasound

A

Medullary cystic disease (auto dominant)

41
Q

inherited disease causing tubulointerstitial fibrosis and progressive renal insufficiency; can’t concentrate urine

A

Medullary cystic disease

42
Q

Simple Kidney Cysts

A

Found in outer cortex filled with ultrafiltrate - usually asymptomatic

43
Q

Complex Kidney Cysts

A

septated, enhanced or have solid components

increased risk of renal cell carcinoma

First Aid Renal (14 decks)

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