Fluids

Question 1

ECF fraction

Answer 1

1/3 TBW

Question 2

ICF fraction

Answer 2

2/3 TBW

Question 3

Plasma Volume fraction

Answer 3

1/4 of ECF

Question 4

Interstitial Volume fraction

Answer 4

3/4 of ECF

Question 5

Radiolabeled Albumin

Answer 5

Measures plasma volume

Question 6

Inulin

Answer 6

Measures Extracellular Volume

Question 7

Loss of Glomerular filtration barrier charge

Answer 7

Nephrotic syndrome resulting in albuminuria, hypoproteinemia, generalized edema, and hyperlipidemia

Question 8

Glomerular FIltration Barrier Components

Answer 8

Fenestrated capillaries, Basement membrane with heparin sulfate (to give negative charge), Podocytes

Question 9

Volume of plasma from which the substance is completely cleared per unit time

Answer 9

Renal Clearance

Question 10

Clearance of X < GFR

Answer 10

Net reabsorption

Question 11

Clearance of X > GFR

Answer 11

Net secretion

Question 12

Clearance of X = GFR

Answer 12

no net secretion of reabsorption

Question 13

Inulin Clearance

Answer 13

Used to calculate GFR; freely filtered. Neither reabsorbed nor secreted; usually is 100mL/min

Question 14

Creatinine Clearance

Answer 14

Used to estimate GFR but slightly overestimates it since renal tubules moderately secrete creatinine

Question 15

Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) Clearance

Answer 15

Used to calculate Effective RPF; both filtered and actively secreted in the proximal tubule

Question 16

ERPF

Answer 16

effective renal plasma flow; underestimates true RPF by ~10%

Question 17

Dilate Afferent Arterioles

Answer 17

Prostaglandins (increases RPF and GFR thus FF remains the same)

Question 18

Constricts Efferent Arteriole

Answer 18

Ang II (decreased RPF, increases GFR, so FF increases)

Question 19

NSAIDs

Answer 19

prevents dilation of afferent arterioles

Question 20

ACE-Is

Answer 20

Prevent constriction of efferent arterioles

Question 21

Afferent arteriole constriction

Answer 21

Decreases RPF and GFR; no change in FF

Question 22

Efferent arteriole constriction

Answer 22

Decreases RPF and Increases GFR; increases FF

Question 23

Increase Plasma Protein Concentration

Answer 23

Decreases GFR; decreases FF

Question 24

Decrease Plasma Protein Concentration

Answer 24

Increases GFR and Increases FF

Question 25

Constriction of Ureter

Answer 25

decreases GFR and decreases FF

Question 26

Glucose and normal plasma level

Answer 26

Completely reabsorbed in PT by Na/Glucose cotransport.

Question 27

Threshold of glucose; start glucosuria

Answer 27

~200mg/dL

Question 28

Tm of glucose; all transporters are fully saturated

Answer 28

~375mg/dL

Question 29

Pregnancy on Amino acids and Glucose

Answer 29

decrease reabsorption of glucose and AA in PT; glucosuria and aminoaciduria

Question 30

Auto. recessive; deficiency of neutral AA transporters in prox renal tubules and enterocytes

Answer 30

Hartnup Disease

Question 31

Neutral aminoaciduria; pellagra-like symptoms Tx

Answer 31

High protein diet and nicotinic acid (tx for hartnup disease)