Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid Renal > Electrolytes > Flashcards

Electrolytes Flashcards

1
Q

Digitalis

A

Shifts K out of cell (hyperkalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hyperosmolarity

A

Shifts K out of cell (hyperkalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Insulin

A

Shifts K into cell (hypokalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lysis of cells

A

Shifts K out of cell (hyperkalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Acidosis

A

Shifts K out of cell (hyperkalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Alkalosis

A

Shifts K into cell (hypokalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Beta-blockers

A

Shifts K out of cell (hyperkalemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Low sodium

A

nausea, malaise, stupor, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

High sodium

A

irritability, stupor, coma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Low potassium

A

U waves on ECG, flattened T waves, arrythmias, muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

High potassium

A

Wide QRS waves and peaked T waves on EKG, arrhythmias and muscle weakness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Low calcium

A

tetany, seizures, QT prolongation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

High calcium

A

Stones (renal), Bones (pain), Groans (ab pain), Pyschiatric Overtones (anxiety, altered mental status)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Low Magnesium

A

Tetany, torsade de pointes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

High Magnesium

A

decreased DTRs, lethargy, bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrest, hypocalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Low phosphate

A

Bone loss, osteomalacia

17
Q

High phosphate

A

renal stones, metastatic calcifications, hypocalcemia

18
Q

Metabolic Acidosis

A

Decreased pH, pCO2, HCO3

19
Q

Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Increased pH, pCO2, HCO3

20
Q

Respiratory Acidosis

A

decreased pH, increased pCO2 & HCO3

21
Q

Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Increased pH, decreased pCO2 & HCO3

22
Q

Hyperventilation

A

Compensatory response to metabolic acidosis

23
Q

Formula for respiratory compensation for a simple metabolic acidosis

A

Winter’s Formula; if measured pCO2 differs significantly from predicted pCO2, mixed acid-base disorder is present

24
Q

Increased Anion Gap (Met Acidosis)

A

MUDPILES (>12mEq/L)
Methanol (formic acid), Uremia, DKA, Propylene glycol, Iron tablets or INH, Lactic acidosis, Ethylene glycol (oxalic acid), Salicylates (late)

25
Q

Normal Anion Gap (Met Acidosis)

A

Hyperalimentation, Addision Dx, Renal Tubular acidosis, Diarrhea, Acetazolamide, Spironolactone, Saline Infusion

26
Q

Causes of Respiratory Alkalosis

A

Hyperventilation (hysteria), hypoxemia, high altitudes, Early salicylates, tumor, pulmonary embolism

27
Q

Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis

A

Loops, Vomiting, Antacid, Hyperaldosteronism

28
Q

Causes of Respiratory Acidosis

A

Airway obstruction, acute & chronic lung disease, opioids, sedatives, weakening of respiratory muscles

29
Q

A disorder of renal tubules which leads to non-anion-gap hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis

A

Renal tubular acidosis

30
Q

Defect in alpha-intercalated cells to secrete H+; associated with hypokalemia; increase calcium phosphate kidney crystals

A

Type 1 Renal tubular acidosis

distal, pH >5.5

31
Q

Defect in proximal tubules HCO3- reabsorption, increased HCO3- excretion; urine is acidified by alpha-intercalated cells; assoc with hypokalemia

A

Type 2 Renal tubular acidosis

proximal, pH <5.5

32
Q

Hypoaldosteronism, aldosterone resistance or K-sparing diuretics; Hyperkalemia causing ammoniagenesis in PT

A

Type 4 Renal tubular acidosis

hyperkalemic, pH <5.5

33
Q

RTA with decreased buffering capacity so decrease H excretion into urine

A

Type 4 Renal tubular acidosis

hyperkalemic, pH <5.5

34
Q

RTA from Fanconi syndrome, Wilson, lead, aminoglycosides and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

A

Type 2 Renal tubular acidosis

proximal, pH <5.5

35
Q

RTA from amphotericin B toxicity

A

Type 1 Renal tubular acidosis

distal, pH >5.5

36
Q

Multiple Myeloma (light chains)

A

Type 1 Renal tubular acidosis

distal, pH >5.5

37
Q

Chemical toxic to proximal tubule

A

lead and aminoglycosides

First Aid Renal (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions