Pharmacology

Question 1

What’s the difference between pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics?

Answer 1

How the body affects the drug (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion).

How the drug affects the body (mechanism of action, therapeutic effects).

Question 2

What is drug addiction?

Answer 2

A compulsive need to use a substance, often leading to harmful behaviors

Question 3

What is drug dependence?

Answer 3

The physical or psychological need to use a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms

Question 4

What is drug tolerance?

Answer 4

When the body becomes less responsive to a drug over time, requiring higher doses to achieve the same effect

Question 5

What are the main classes of drugs?

Answer 5

Analgesics: Pain relievers.

Antibiotics: Fight bacterial infections.

Antipyretics: Reduce fever.

Antihypertensives: Lower blood pressure (e.g., ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers).

Cardiovascular drugs (e.g., Statins, diuretics, calcium channel blockers, nitrates): Manage heart conditions.

Question 6

What are the common routes of drug administration?

Answer 6

Oral (PO): Taken by mouth.

Intravenous (IV): Directly into the bloodstream.

Intramuscular (IM): Into the muscle.

Subcutaneous (SC): Under the skin.

Topical: Applied to the skin.

Inhalation: Breathed into the lungs.

Question 7

What is synergism in pharmacology?

Answer 7

When two drugs work together to create a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects

Question 8

What is an iatrogenic effect?

Answer 8

An adverse condition caused by a medical treatment or drug (e.g., side effects or complications)