Endocrine Flashcards
What are the major endocrine glands and where are they located?
Pituitary: At the base of the brain, controls other glands.
Thyroid: In the neck, regulates metabolism.
Parathyroid: On the thyroid, regulate calcium levels.
Adrenal: On top of the kidneys, produce stress hormones.
Pancreas: Behind the stomach, regulates blood sugar.
Ovaries: In females, produce estrogen and progesterone.
Testes: In males, produce testosterone.
What are the major endocrine hormones, where are they secreted, and what do they do?
Insulin: Secreted by the pancreas, lowers blood sugar.
Cortisol: Secreted by the adrenal glands, helps manage stress.
Thyroxine (T4): Secreted by the thyroid, regulates metabolism.
Parathyroid Hormone (PTH): Secreted by the parathyroid glands, regulates calcium levels.
Estrogen: Secreted by the ovaries, regulates female reproductive functions.
Testosterone: Secreted by the testes, regulates male reproductive functions.
What are the conditions caused by hyper- and hypo-secretion of hormones?
Cushing’s Disease: Caused by high cortisol levels.
Addison’s Disease: Caused by low cortisol levels.
Grave’s Disease: Caused by high thyroid hormone (T4).
Hypothyroidism: Caused by low thyroid hormone (T4).
Diabetes Mellitus: Caused by low insulin or insulin resistance.
Diabetes Insipidus: Caused by low ADH (antidiuretic hormone), leading to excessive urination.
What condition is associated with which hormone imbalance?
Cushing’s Disease: High cortisol.
Addison’s Disease: Low cortisol.
Grave’s Disease: High thyroid hormone (T4).
Hypothyroidism: Low thyroid hormone (T4).
Diabetes Mellitus: Low insulin or insulin resistance.
Diabetes Insipidus: Low ADH (antidiuretic hormone).
