GU System

Question 1

What is the function of amylase?

Answer 1

Breaks down starches into sugars; found in saliva and pancreatic fluid

Question 2

What is the function of pepsin?

Answer 2

Breaks down proteins into peptides in the stomach

Question 3

What is the function of lipase?

Answer 3

Breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol; secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine

Question 4

What is the function of trypsin?

Answer 4

Breaks down proteins into smaller peptides in the small intestine; secreted by the pancreas

Question 5

What is the function of lactase?

Answer 5

Breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose in the small intestine

Question 6

What are the components of the renal corpuscle and their functions:

Answer 6

The glomerulus filters blood, and the Bowman’s capsule collects filtrate

Question 7

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)?

Answer 7

Reabsorbs water, sodium, glucose, and other nutrients

Question 8

What is the main function of the Loop of Henle?

Answer 8

Establishes a concentration gradient for urine concentration. The descending limb reabsorbs water, and the ascending limb reabsorbs salts

Question 9

What is the function of the collecting duct in the nephron?

Answer 9

Regulates water balance and urine concentration, influenced by ADH

Question 10

Blood Filtration:

Answer 10

Removal of waste products and toxins

Question 11

What is the primary function of the kidneys in waste removal?

Answer 11

Filter waste products (like urea and creatinine) and excess fluids from the blood to form urine.

Question 12

How do kidneys help regulate blood pressure?

Answer 12

Activate the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which helps control blood pressure by regulating fluid volume and constricting blood vessels.

Question 13

How do the kidneys maintain blood pH balance?

Answer 13

by excreting hydrogen ions (H⁺) and reabsorbing bicarbonate (HCO₃⁻) to maintain normal pH levels.

Question 14

What is dialysis and when is it required?

Answer 14

A treatment for kidney failure that removes waste, excess fluids, and balances electrolytes when kidneys cannot. It is required when kidney function is severely impaired

Question 15

What are the two main types of dialysis?

Answer 15

Hemodialysis: Blood is filtered through a machine outside the body.

Peritoneal Dialysis: Uses the peritoneum (abdominal lining) to filter blood.

Question 16

What is the main mechanism of hemodialysis?

Answer 16

Blood is removed from the body, filtered through a dialyzer (artificial kidney), and returned to the body. This removes waste, excess fluid, and balances electrolytes.