Pharmacology Flashcards
Section 5
why are neonates less tolerant of drugs than older animals?
drugs are biotransformed more slowly in neonates
the generic name of a drug can also be referred to as the ________ name
nonproprietary
what is the gold standard solution for filling a medication where the clinic only has 50mg tablets in stock but the patient’s dose is 25mg?
order 25mg tablets
what is 10mL of a 2.5% solution in mg?
250mg
what is the percentage of the total dose of a drug that reaches the bloodstream called?
bioavailability
what are effects of cholinergic agents?
bradycardia, control vomiting, increase GI motility
what is a medication substance that is toxic to cats?
acetaminophen
what are the most common adverse effects of aminoglycoside antimicrobials?
nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neurotoxicitiy
what is a type of antimicrobial that has many bacteria that are resistant to them?
tetracyclines
which drugs are closely related to penicillins?
cephalosporins
what drug is often effective against infections of the urinary tract due to how they are excreted?
sulfonamides
which drug is not approved of by the FDA to be used in poultry?
fluoroquinolones
which antibiotic should be avoided in food production animals?
Chloramphenicol
how are penicillins mostly excreted?
by the kidney
which animal should acepromazine be used with caution in?
stallions
which drug is commonly administered in combination with diazepam?
ketamine
Griseofulvin acts on what type of organism?
dermatophytes
which of the following is not a side effect of sulfonamides?
a. crystalluria
b. keratoconjunctivitis sicca
c. seizures
d. thrombocytopenia
seizures
which class of antibiotics when administered to juvenile animals can impair cartilage development?
fluoroquinolones
what type of bacteria are potentiated penicillins act against?
beta-lactamase-producing bacteria
which of the following statements is true when considering the use of xylazine?
a. it is safe in all dogs
b. it can be reversed with naloxone
c. it provides some analgesia
d. it can cause priapism in stallions
it provides some analgesia
which of the following statements is true regarding an iodophor?
a. it has a longer action than basic iodine compounds
b. organic materials do not inactivate it
c. it is not an irritant at concentrations generally used
d. it provides adequate disinfection with a single application
it has a longer action than basic iodine compounds
the active drug in ProHeart is moxidectin and it is a member of which drug class?
Milbemycin
a risk to veterinary technicians who administer prostaglandins is what?
inducing an asthma attack
if it is accidentally administered as an IV bolus lidocaine may cause what?
sinus arrest
aspirin may be safely used in cats as an NSAID but it should be noted that its half-life in this species is approximately how long?
40 hours
which statement is most accurate pertaining to insect growth regulators?
they interfere with development
what drug is approved for the treatment of old dog dementia?
Anipryl
what is not a short-term effect of corticosteroid therapy?
a. polyuria
b. polyphagia
c. delayed healing
d. osteoporosis
osteoporosis
which drug is not used in the treatment of glaucoma?
Chloramphenicol
a chronotropic agent affects what?
rate of a contraction
what is the main reason that generic forms of drugs are less expensive than trademark name drugs is because generic brands _________________________________
do not incur the expense of developing a new drug
the regulatory agency that oversees the development and approval of animal topical pesticides is what?
EPA
what are repository forms of parenteral drugs?
are formulated to prolong absorption of the drug from the site of administration
which is an example of an antibiotic that is considered to be a beta-lactamase inhibitor?
a. amoxicillin
b. clavamox
c. tetracycline
d. penicillin
Clavamox
in what class of antibiotic drugs are nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity potential side effects?
aminoglycosides
a useful group of broad-spectrum drugs whose popularity has recently declines because of numerous potential side effects is which?
a. sulfonamides
b. macrolides
c. tetracyclines
d. fluoroquinolones
sulfonamides
which of the following statements about tetracyclines is true?
a. tetracyclines are bactericidal
b. oral absorption of tetracyclines is increased in the presence of food
c. tetracyclines are potentially nephrotoxic and ototoxic
d. tetracyclines may lead to bone or teeth problems if given to young animals
tetracyclines may lead to bone or teeth problems if given to young animals
Amoxicillin is prescribed to a dog, you would advise the client on all of the following except which?
a. she should call if she notices any adverse side effects as a result of the medication
b. she should complete all the medication dispensed even if the dog is feeling well and her symptoms have resolved
c. she must administer the medication on an empty stomach even if she vomits
d. the medication should be refrigerated
she must administer the medication on an empty stomach even if the dog vomits
which of the following drugs is least likely to kill the normal flora in the gut of a rabbit thus avoiding severe diarrhea?
a. Clavamox
b. Clindamycin
c. Cefotaxime
d. Enrofloxacin
Enrofloxacin
which of the following drugs is available over the counter?
a. codeine
b. dextromethorphan
c. hydrocodone
d. butorphanol
dextromethorphan
which anticoagulant is diluted in saline or sterile water for injection to form a flush solution for preventing blood clots in IV catheters?
heparin
which statement is true about the drugs used for cancer chemotherapy?
a. they are usually given po
b. they usually have relatively low margins of safety
c. they are available OTC
d. they are all nephrotoxic
they usually have relatively low margins of safety
which of these tissues is not a normal site for drugs to accumulate to be released later thereby prolonging the effect of the drug?
a. pancreas
b. fat
c. bone
d. liver
pancreas
which glucocorticoid has the shortest duration of activity?
a. hydrocortisone
b. prednisone
c. dexmethasone
d. triamcinolone
hydrocortisone
which species generally clears NSAIDs most slowly?
cat
what NSAID is administered to cats with a dosing interval of 2 days or more?
aspirin
what is the most common side effect of NSAIDs?
GI ulceration
malignant hyperthermia is a phenomenon associated primarily with the use of what inhalant anesthetic?
halothane
for which gas does anesthesia demand the greatest degree of patient monitoring, because the anesthetic depth changes occur most rapidly?
desflurane
which tranquilizer shouldn’t be used in stallions?
acepromazine
why shouldn’t an open bottle of propofol be put back into the fridge after use?
bacteria will readily grow in propofol and will produce endotoxins so it is unwise to use the remains of an opened bottle
the behavioral drug group that may be sent home to stimulate appetite in cats is what?
selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors
a progestin was often used in the past for the treatment of inappropriate elimination in cats and it has now fallen out of favor because of serious potential side effects including mammary hyperplasia and adenocarcinoma. this drug is known as ____________
Megestrol acetate
Amphojel and Basaljel are drugs in the general category of __________
phosphate binders
a heartworm preventative that is also approved for the treatment of ear mites and sarcoptic mange is __________
Selamectin
which statement about organophosphates is incorrect?
a. they are neurotoxic
b. they are used for control of endoparasites andectoparasites
c. they have a narrow margin of safety
d. they have relatively few side effects
they have relatively few side effects
oral hypoglycemic drugs such as glipizide (Glucotrol) are used to treat _________
non-insulin-dependent diabetes
Altrenogest which is used for estrus synchronization in female animals is a synthetic __________
progestin
what is not a potential side effect of the phenothiazine antiemetics?
a. CNS depression
b. diarrhea
c. lowering of the seizure threshold
d. hypotension
diarrhea