CleverOrca Flashcards
according to the inverse square law the intensity of the radiation is ________
inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source of radiation
which veins can be used for venous access on rabbits?
lateral saphenous, cephalic, marginal ear vein
which skin scraping technique should be used for a skin scrape to test for Cheyletiella?
hold and scrape the. skin superficially to collect loose scales and crusts
which is not a characteristic of cancer cells?
a. enlarged nucleus
b. increased number of nucleoli
c. condensed chromatin
d. multipolar spindle formation
condensed chromatin
chromatin needs to be unwound in order to rapidly divide
Ketoconazole can cause toxicity to which organ?
liver
which medication would be beneficial to a patient being treated for NSAID overdose?
Misoprostol
what is Misoprostol?
a protective prostaglandin used to treat NSAID overdoses by protecting the gastric mucosa
what can NSAID overdose cause?
a high incidence of gastric damage or ulceration; can also cause liver/kidney damage
what disease do these signs most likely indicate?: male cat who is urinating excessively, still eating and acting normal, specific gravity is 1.012 with presence of granular casts made of epithelial cells, urine protein is normal
a. renal tubular disease
b. renal glomerular disease
c. nephroliths
d. uroliths
renal tubular disease
which animal most commonly transmits leptospirosis to humans?
rats
what is the purpose of biological indicators in sterilization?
to monitor effectiveness of sterilization
which medical term means frequent urination throughout the day?
pollakiuria
which zoonotic disease in birds causes respiratory disease in people?
a. beak and feather disease
b. macaw wasting disease
c. parrot fever
d. Budgerigar fledgling disease
parrot fever (aka psittacosis)
what are signs of psittacosis or parrot fever in birds?
respiratory disease and characteristic split pea soup diarrhea
what are signs of beak and feather disease?
abnormal feather growth
what is beak and feather disease caused by?
a circovirus
what are signs of macaw wasting disease?
dilation of the proventriculus
what is macaw wasting disease caused by?
bornavirus
what causes Budgerigar fledgling disease?
polyomavirus
what are signs of Budgerigar fledgling disease?
abnormal feather growth, abdominal distention, head tremors, bird found dead
which bacterial disease commonly affecting dogs causes lethargy, anorexia, fever, and GI signs?
canine leptospirosis
types of antineoplastic drugs include all of the following except:
a. acidifying agents
b. alkylating agents
c. antimetabolites
d. antibiotics
acidifying agents
what is the primary use of digoxin?
control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation
what type of drug is digoxin?
cardiac glycoside
which of the following conditions are fluoroquinolones used for?
a. respiratory disease in cattle
b. E. coli infections in day-old chicks and poults
c. footrot
d. acute bovine interdigital necrobacillosis
respiratory disease in cattle
what are fluoroquinolones?
broad-spectrum antimicrobials
2 types:
Danofloxacin- treats and controls respiratory disease in cattle
Enrofloxacin- treats and controls respiratory disease in cattle and swine
what are Debakey forceps and what are they used for?
thumb forceps designed to be atraumatic that are long and have coarsely ribbed arms
used for intestinal manipulation
tenaculum forceps function
commonly used to hold parts of vessels or organs
not common in vet
what is the purpose of administrating guaifenesin in horses?
muscle relaxation during induction of general anesthesia
believed to be related to central depression of nerve impulse transmission
which of the following drugs is used to treat pulmonary edema?
a. Aminophylline
b. Dexamethasone
c. Terbutaline
d. Furosemide
Furosemide (Lasix)
loop diuretic that can help reduce fluid accumulation in the lungs
what part of the brain is responsible for coordinating breathing?
brainstem
what 2 areas is the pontine respiratory center comprised of in the brain?
pneumotaxic center: inhibitory
apneustic center: stimulatory
which part of the brain (specific) coordinates respiratory rate?
medulla oblongata
what is the parietal lobe responsible for?
motor function
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
auditory function
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
motor function
what is a common cardiac drug that can be used transdermally on exposed skin in dogs?
Nitroglycerine
what is Nitroglycerine?
a vasodilator that relaxes smooth muscle and is used in emergency treatment of congestive heart failure
what is Enalapril?
an ACE inhibitor vasodilator that controls fluid retention in heart failure and renal failure patients
what is Pimobendane?
a cardiac drug used to treat congestive heart failure by improving cardiac output with less of a risk for adverse effects than digoxin
what is Digoxin used for?
strengthening heart contractions and restore heart rhythm
used for heart failure symptoms
which blood product should be transfused to a patient hemorrhaging from suspected rodenticide ingestion?
fresh frozen plasma
which OTC medication treats diarrhea?
Loperamide
active ingredient in Imodium
what is Famotidine?
ingredient in Pepcid
an antacid or H2-receptor antagonist or blocker that helps prevent or treat stomach ulcers
what is Diphenhydramine?
ingredient in Benadryl
antihistamine used for allergies and allergic reactions
what is Simethicone?
ingredient in Gas-X
used to reduce gas symptoms
what is a common drug for treating hypotension?
Ephedrine
a vasopressor that increases blood pressure by constricting blood vessels
often used in anesthesia to raise BP
if a dog is suspected to have an osteosarcoma on his distal radius, what is the main reason for performing a bone scan before surgery?
to identify possible additional bone that may represent bone metastases
what is a bone scan?
a nuclear medicine test that involves administration of a bone-seeking radioisotope (technetium phosphate) that is taken up in areas of bone turnover
what is the feline dental formula?
2 (I 3/3, C 1/1, P 3/2, M 1/1)
what is the swine dental formula?
2 (1 3/3, C 1/1, P 4/4, M 3/3)
which species is most at risk of hyperthermia in the heat?
a. goats
b. sheep
c. horses
d. dogs
sheep
a dog has a history of lethargy, anorexia, and vomiting. bloodwork shows elevated liver enzymes and a low platelet count, which is the best diagnosis?
a. acute pancreatitis
b. immune-mediated hemolytic anemia
c. parvovirus
d. canine leptospirosis
canine leptospirosis
what might a dog owner indicate to their vet that their dog may have hypothyroidism?
hair loss
what is the most common sign of a transfusion reaction in dogs and cats?
fever is often the first and most common transfusion reaction seen
which of the following conditions are associated with metabolic alkalosis?
a. diabetic ketoacidosis
b. renal failure
c. vomiting
d. acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
vomiting because there is a loss of acid in the body
a cat presents for weight loss and vomiting, bloodwork shows elevated liver enzymes and an abdominal ultrasound shows a mass on the liver, what is the most likely diagnosis?
a. hepatic lipidosis
b. hepatocellular carcinoma
c. hepatic adenoma
d. hepatic abscess
hepatocellular carcinoma
what part of a bird’s feather is the vane?
the outermost layer
made up of tiny barbs that interlock to form a smooth, flexible surface
what is the calamus on a bird’s feather?
the base of the feather that attaches to the bird’s skin
what is the rachis on a bird’s feather?
the central shaft that runs through the length of the feather
what are the barbs on a bird’s feather?
the branching structures that form the vane
which cranial nerve is not important regarding a neurological dental exam?
a. vagus nerve
b. abducens nerve
c. olfactory nerve
d. glossopharyngeal nerve
vagus nerve
main function of vagus nerve is to mediate the parasympathetic nervous system
which of these antibiotics is bacteriostatic?
a. Enrofloxacin
b. Cephalexin
c. Penicillin
d. Doxycycline
Doxycycline
tetracyclines are bacteriostatic
in a cystocentesis which cell type would not be present?
a. red blood cells
b. squamous cells
c. urothelium
d. transitional epithelium
squamous cells
there aren’t any squamous cells lining the urinary bladder
which of the following may occur because of anorexia lasting over 3 days in an obese cat?
a. hepatic lipidosis
b. constipation
c. diabetes mellitus
d. anemia
hepatic lipidosis
aka fatty liver syndrome
which of the following isn’t involved in x-rays?
a. secondary radiation
b. heat production
c. piezoelectric effect
d. magnetic field production
piezoelectric effect
important to ultrasound - refers to the ability of the crystals in the transducer to give off ultrasonic frequencies
which of the following could be used for hemostasis at the site of a liver punch biopsy?
a. silver nitrate sticks
b. absorbable gelatin sponge
c. bone wax
d. styptic powder
absorbable gelatin foam (Gelfoam) is a sterile compressed sponge for hemostasis
it allows absorption of blood and formation of a clot at the bleeding site and is particularly useful in liver biopses and dentals
what are silver nitrate sticks used for (specifically)?
hemostasis for superficial bleeding
what is the function of bone wax?
controls bleeding from the bone and functions as a mechanical plug that is pressed into the bleeding bone surface
what is the purpose of a microplate reader?
measures the concentration of multiple samples at once, designed to read the absorbance or fluorescence of samples in microplates which are small plastic plates containing multiple wells
verminous arteritis caused by an equine parasite results in the presentation of colic in a young male thoroughbred horse; what is the name of the parasite that causes verminous arteritis of the cranial mesenteric artery in horses?
Strongylus vulgaris
what is the normal respiratory rate of a sleeping or relaxed cat?
20-30 Bpm
what is the correct order of the x-ray beam being produced?
electron cloud forms at the cathode –> electron hits tungsten target –> photons are produced at the anode –> photons leave the x-ray tube
what are 2 common medications used for tapeworm treatment?
Epsiprantel and Praziquantel
what effects do Epsiprantel and Praziquantel have been used in combination with each other?
they work together to disrupt the regulation of calcium and other ions in tapeworms, the ion dysregulation leads to a tetanic contraction in the cestodes and causes paralysis
what is a common goat disease that can be caused by a virus and can cause respiratory and neurological symptoms?
encephalomyelitis
which disease is caused by spirochete bacteria?
a. leptospirosis
b. feline leukemia
c. heartworm disease
d. feline immunodeficiency virus
leptospirosis
what does the P wave represent on an ECG?
electrical depolarization of the atria
initiated by the SA node
what does the QRS complex represent on an ECG?
ventricular depolarization
masks atrial repolarization which occurs at the same time
what does the PR interval represent on an ECG?
the delay between atrial and ventricular contraction due to reduced contraction velocity at the AV node
this allows the ventricles to fill before contraction
what does the T wave represent on an ECG?
repolarization of the ventricular myocardium
which of the following diets are not recommended when testing an animal for food allergies?
grain-free diet
grains are rare to be allergens, it would be more beneficial to take out various types of proteins since those are very common to be allergens
which of the following parasites produces an ovum with a different morphology than the others?
a. Dioctyphema sp.
b. Ancylostoma sp.
c. Necator sp.
d. Toxascaris sp.
Dioctyphema sp.
oval shaped ovum with polar ends, none of the other ovum have polarity
what age should most kittens first be presented for initial immunization?
8-10 weeks
what is proparacaine used for?
ocular anesthesia
which of the following is not a common side effect of acepromazine?
a. hypotension
b. tachycardia
c. respiratory depression
d. hyperactivity
hyperactivity
acepromazine is a sedative and tranquilizer
what is the procedure to repair a ruptured cranial cruciate ligament called?
TPLO
tibial plateau leveling osteotomy
where would a pulmonary metastatic lesion most likely be if it is visible on a right lateral radiograph but not on a left lateral radiograph?
one of the left lung lobes
what is a common sheep disease that is caused by a bacterium and can cause respiratory symptoms and abortion?
Chlamydiosis
caused by Chlamdophila abortus bacteria
what drug is used as a euthanasia drug?
pentobarbital
what are some functions of the liver?
filters toxins from the blood, produces bile, metabolizes nutrients
helps regulate glucose, cholesterol, and other important substances
an arterial blood sample from a standing adult horse is best collected from which artery?
transverse facial artery
what is the correct way to place a urinary catheter in a dog/cat?
insert a sterile catheter until urine flows, then advance 1cm further and secure
which tooth is referred to as the “wolf tooth” in horses?
first upper incisor
they are small teeth that often sit in front of the large permanent teeth that eventually replace them
usually removed due to discomfort
a dog presents with a deep, dirty puncture wound; which closure method would be the most appropriate?
second intention
when is third intention healing used?
large or complex wounds
what is the term used to describe the upper beak of a bird?
cere
what is the anatomical site of periodontal disease?
gingiva
it is gum disease
which of the following is true about retained deciduous canine teeth?
a. they have fragile roots that can fracture if removed incorrectly
b. they can prevent the first premolars from breaking through
c. they should be removed at 3 months of age to prevent orthodontic abnormalities
d. they will fall out on their own
a. they have fragile roots that can fracture if removed incorrectly
what is the most common etiology (transmission) of Clostridium botulinum?
ingestion
which lab procedure is useful for diagnosing pancreatitis in dogs?
amylase and lipase blood tests
which restraint technique is used to prevent a cow from moving or kicking during a rectal examination?
a. halter and lead rope
b. hobbles
c. chemical restraint
d. tail tie
hobbles
involves tying the front legs together to prevent it from moving or kicking
which of the following local anesthetics has the shortest duration of action?
a. bupivacaine
b. lidocaine
c. mapivacaine
d. procaine
procaine
has rapid onset of action and lasts ~1hr
which local anesthetics are intermediate-acting and last up to 2-4 hours?
lidocaine and mepivacaine
which local anesthetic is long-acting and lasts up to 6-8 hours?
bupivacaine
what is a carnassial tooth in dogs?
cheek teeth used to tear flesh
which teeth are carnassial teeth in dogs?
maxillary 4th premolar and mandibular 1st molar
which teeth are carnassial teeth in cats?
maxillary 3rd premolar and mandibular 1st molar
a horse should consume approximately what percentage of body weight in forage per day?
2%
what disease in cattle will have PI (persistently infected) calves who are the main source for transmission within the herd?
BVD
bovine viral diarrhea
is often asymptomatic
which antibiotics should not be administered with dairy products?
a. doxycycline
b. amoxicillin
c. enrofloxacin
d. cephalexin
doxycycline
which of the following is a potential hazard associated with ultrasound use?
a. allergic reactions to the ultrasound gel
b. electrical shock
c. thermal injury to tissues
d. radiation exposure
thermal injury to tissues
especially a concern when doing longer scans or using a higher power setting
which of the following cat breeds would most likely develop trichobezoars?
a. sphynx
b. maine coon
c. DSH
d. donskoy
maine coon
trichobezoars = hairballs
how to reduce the amount of trichobezoars coughed up by a cat?
laxatives and daily brushing
“bog spavin” refers to which condition?
tarsocrural effusion
accumulation of synovial fluid in the tarsocrural joint; presents as swelling around the hocks
which of the following should be first applied when bandaging an open, clean wound?
a. medical honey
b. telfa pad
c. wet-to-dry adherent dressing
d. antibiotic ointment
wet-to-dry adherent dressing
what is the purpose of lubricating surgical instruments?
to reduce friction and wear
which stage of anesthesia is characterized by the loss of the swallowing reflex and the onset of regular respiration?
stage II
what adverse effects can occur in cats given metoclopramide?
aggressive behavior
what is metoclopramide?
an antiemetic used to stop vomiting
rare side effects are nervous, jittery, or aggressive behaviors
what type of folding method is used for cloth drapes?
accordion folding
which of the following is not commonly included in a pig’s diet?
diets high in nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)
swine can’t metabolize NPN into energy
which part of an atom is responsible for its mass?
nucleus
which of the following medications is commonly used to treat separation anxiety in dogs?
diazepam (Valium)
enhances effects of GABA which helps calm dog
which of the following medications is given prior to anesthesia to control the nervous system simulation?
a. atropine
b. diazepam
c. itraconazole
d. erythromycin
atropine
indications for diazepam
sedative, muscle relaxant, anticonvulsant, anti-anxiety
what type of medication is Itraconazole?
antifungal
what type of medication is erythromycin?
antibacterial
which chemical compound is the light sensitive part in x-ray film?
silver halide
which of the following drugs does not typically cause apnea or respiratory depression?
ketamine
which ocular side effects are caused by mu agonists in dogs and cats?
miosis in dogs, mydriasis in cats
which best describes the transduction phase of nociception?
a. the phase of physical, subjective experience of pain
b. nerve endings translate the noxious stimulus into nociceptive impulses
c. cerebral response to nociceptive signals that are projected by third-order neurons to the brain
d. propagation through the peripheral nervous system via 1st-order neurons
nerve endings translate the noxious stimulus into nociceptive impulses
a dog presents with very recent ingestion of gasoline; which of the following treatments should not be considered?
a. stomach lavage
b. oral activated charcoal
c. emetics
d. oxygen therapy
emetics
during a dental exam you notice that the left side of a dog’s face is drooping; cranial nerve is probably affected?
facial nerve
CN VII
what is the trigeminal nerve involved with?
CN V
involved with mastication muscles
what is the glossopharyngeal nerve involved with?
CN IX
controls swallowing and taste
what is the hypoglossal nerve involved with?
CN XII
controls tongue movement
how does a systemic antacid such as cimetidine act on the stomach?
prevents the production of hydrochloric acid
what does cimetidine do?
indirectly protects the stomach lining by reducing the secretion of hydrochloric acid
what does a medication like sucralfate do?
coats the stomach lining and protects defects/ulcers
which radiograph view is used to visualize the nasal cavity?
lateral skull view
what is the lateral skull view used to visualize?
nasal cavity, frontal sinuses, osseous bulla
what is an open-mouth VD skull view used to visualize?
frontal sinuses and caudal portion of the pharynx
what is a VD skull view used to visualize?
nasal cavity and nasal septum
what is a frontal skull view used to visualize?
frontal sinuses
which term refers to a dog/cat being unable to urinate due to an obstruction in the urinary tract?
obstructive uropathy
what is obstructive uropathy?
a condition where there is an obstruction in the urinary tract that prevents the animal from being able to urinate
urolithiasis
bladder stones
what is Sante’s rule?
(2 x thickness of body part in cm) + SID + grid factor = kVp
which of the following would present as a proliferative honeycomb beak with scaly, crusty lesions on the legs and feet of a bird?
a. avian pox
b. avian chlamydiosis
c. tuberculosis
d. Cnemidocoptes pilae
Cnemidocoptes pilae
which of the following abnormal rhythms is characterized by an inverted P wave?
a. atrial flutter
b. PVC
c. atrial premature contraction
d. sinus arrhythemia
PVC
premature ventricular contraction
what does an atrial flutter look like on an ECG?
sawtooth formation between QRS complexes
what does an atrial premature contraction look like on an ECG?
P-R interval can be short, normal, or long
what does a sinus arrhythmia look like on an ECG?
QRS complex and QRS interval vary, there is a P wave for every QRS complex
at what age is a kitten considered fully grown?
12 months
why is epinephrine added to local anesthetics such as lidocaine?
it prolongs the effect of the anesthesia
epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor so blood flow is reduced to a certain area and the drug is absorbed slower
which of the following describes colic in a horse?
a. abdominal pain due to internal hemorrhage
b. abdominal pain caused by GI gas buildup
c. abdominal pain that can be secondary to multiple etiologies
d. abdominal pain caused by the consumption of sand or other indigestible matter
c. abdominal pain that can be secondary to multiple etiologies
which tool is most likely to cause too much pressure and can cause suffocation?
a. flat leash
b. E-collar
c. protective gloves
d. cat restraint bag
protective gloves
they’re made of a thick material which makes it harder to grasp the scruff which can lead to applying too much pressure
which lab procedure is used to diagnose Lyme disease?
Western blot
used to confirm a positive ELISA test for Lyme
how is a Western blot test performed?
run the blood sample through a gel electrophoresis process which separates the proteins by size; separated proteins are transferred to a membrane where they are probed with antibodies specific to Lyme disease bacteria
the intestines are often the primary site where parasites reside; considering the definitive host which of the following live elsewhere in adult form?
a. ascarids
b. paragonimus
c. trichuris
d. cestoda
paragonimus
genus of flukes that exist in dog lungs in adult form, transmission through ingestion of infected mollusks
what type of blood transfusion reaction occurs when the recipient’s immune system attacks the donor’s red blood cells and destroys them?
hemolytic
which of the following is a common condition in geriatric cats that can cause decreased appetite and weight loss?
a. hyperthyroidism
b. hypothyroidism
c. diabetes mellitus
d. chronic renal failure
chronic renal failure
kidneys gradually lose function leading to a buildup of waste products in the bloodstream
how many 3-rooted permanent maxillary teeth are in a dog’s mouth?
6
P4, M1, M2
during a cat’s dental exam you cannot fully open the mouth; which muscle is being affected?
m. temporalis (temporal muscle)
originates from the temporal fossa and inserts at the coronoid process of the mandible
has a major role in closing the jaw and allowing mastication
what is masticatory myositis?
an immune-mediated inflammatory condition where the immune system attacks muscles involved in mastication causing inflammation and leading to problems with a cat opening its mouth
pterygoid muscle origin and insertion
(m. pterygoideous) has lateral and medial heads that originate from the region of the pterygoid muscle and inserts near the temporomandibular joint and the ramus of the mandible
m. pterygoideous function
involved in opening the jaw and allowing side-to-side movements
m. levator labii superioris muscle function
involved in facial expressions and upper lip elevation
m. digastricus location and function
found between the sides of the mandible and is involved with swallowing
hoof-and-mouth disease can affect all except which of the following?
a. swine
b. horses
c. ovine
d. cattle
horses
only effects cloven-hoofed animals
what causes hoof-and-mouth disease?
a member of the family Picornaviridae
what symptom may a cat exhibit that would indicate possible hyperthyroidism?
a. weight gain
b. polyphagia
c. anorexia
d. hypertension
polyphagia = increased appetite
which topical anesthetic is used for tonometery?
proparacaine
topical anesthetic used for eyes
what bacteria is most often associated with skin infections in dogs?
Staphylococcus aureus
most common type of bacteria associated with pyoderma = presence of pus filled lesions
where is Candidiasis usually found and what is it?
a type of fungus that is found in ear infections
what is Escherchia colis associated with?
urinary tract infections
what is streptococcus pyogenes associated with?
step throat in humans
which of these is an effective drug to induce emesis in dogs?
a. magnesium hydroxide
b. apomorphine
c. azathioprine
d. cefpodoxime
apomorphine
opioid dopaminergic agonist that acts on the chemoreceptor trigger zone to induce vomiting in dogs
what is magnesium hydroxide?
a laxative
what does azathiprine do?
suppresses the immune system
what is cefpodoxime?
an antibiotic
why is nitrous oxide contraindicated in GI surgery?
nitrous buildup can cause the bowel to rupture since nitrous oxide + anesthesia can cause dilation and accumulate in the digestive organs
what is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in dogs?
dietary indiscretion particularly high-fat meals
what parasite may cause extreme allergic dermatitis in animals?
fleas
which species is prone to seizures if restrained in a stressful or frightening manner?
gerbils
what is the recommended maximum volume of blood that can be safely transfused to a dog or cat?
15% of their BW
20% of their BW if they are receiving IV fluids
a proptosed globe is most common in what breed (specific)?
brachycephalic cats
which medication causes perivascular tissues sloughing if given out of the vein?
Phenylbutazone
aka Bute
equine NSAID
which parasite causes scours?
Cryptodporidium
what is the most common type of heart disease in felines?
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
which fluid is hypertonic?
a. 0.45% saline
b. 5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride
c. lactated ringer’s solution
d. 5% dextrose in water
5% dextrose in 0.9% sodium chloride
which statement is false?
a. progestins lyse the corpus luteum
b. estrogens induce estrogen after progesterone treatment
c. prostaglandins are easily absorbed through the skin
d. oxytocin causes uterine contraction and milk let-down
progestins lyse the corpus luteum
what non-infectious disease in cattle is genetic in nature, presents as ventral edema, and is due to pulmonary hypertension?
a. brisket disease
b. hardware disease
c. Bang’s disease
d. Johne’s disease
brisket disease
genetic component occurs when cattle exceed around 5,000ft in elevation —> hypoxia due to lower oxygen at higher elevations —> hypertension —> right sided heart failure
which of the following is true concerning a dog with a fractured canine?
a. treatment is unnecessary for canine tooth fracture
b. tooth root fracture can be diagnosed without radiographs
c. fractures can be treated with endodontic therapy
d. canine teeth are most likely to have slab fractures
c. fractures can be treated with endodontic therapy
which tapeworm can be contracted if the dog eats infected livestock?
Taenia hydatigena
ketoconazole works by which mechanism?
a. inhibition of nucleic acid production
b. disruption of development of microbial cells wall
c. damaging cell membrane in static/adult populations
d. interference with microbial protein synthesis
a. inhibition of nucleic acid production
respiratory disease and colic in foals are associated with which parasite?
a. Parascaris equorum
b. Rhodococcus equi
c. rotavirus
d. cryptosporidium
Parascaris equorum
what is the most common way to detect pregnancy in cattle?
manual rectal palpation
what frequency transducer is most used for ultrasound exams performed on animals weighing less than 33lbs?
7.5 MHz
which frequency transducer is preferred for an ophthalmic ultrasound study?
10 MHz
which frequency transducer is used for a large animal echocardiography?
3.5 MHz linear array transducer
which frequency transducer is used for vascular, breast, or pelvic ultrasound imaging?
5.0 mHz
what would be the best way to immediately stabilize an open tibial fracture if a patient also presents with trauma-induced pulmonary contusions?
Robert-Jones bandage
why would you need to place an orogastric tube?
gastric dilation volvulus
which organ produces sounds in birds?
syrinx
located at base of the trachea
which drug is often given before administering a distemper vaccine in ferrets?
diphenhydramine
which parasite cannot be detected in a fecal float?
a. paragonimus
b. giardia
c. anclyostoma
d. trihuris
paragonimus
which radiographic view is used to evaluate the lateral femoral condyle?
caudocranial stifle
in which condition would ketone bodies not be expected to be found in urine?
hypoadrenocorticism
ketone production is not associated with low cortisol levels
which feline viral disease causes respiratory and ocular signs as well as oral ulcerations and fever?
feline calicivirus (FCV)
what is activated clotting time (ACT)?
the evaluation of intrinsic and common pathways of the coagulation cascade
what are 2 names for cestode eggs?
hexacanth and oncosphere
hexacanth: 6-hooked larvae that are the direct product of cestode embryogenesis and are responsible for invading the intermediate host
oncosphere: cestode eggs that have 1 or 2 embryonic envelopes wrapping around the hexacanth
