Pharmacology Flashcards
S/E of the CCB that is most likely to precipitate pulmonary oedema in a pt with known CHF?
Verapamil
S/E - HF, constipation, hypotension, bradycardia, flushing
Mx organophosphate insecticide
Atropine
A/E Gentamicin - amino glycoside
Ototoxocity
Nehrototoxicity - accumulates in renal failure. Toxicity secondary to acute tubular necrosis
Do not take in myasthenia graves
When to give NAC in paracetamol overdose
Plasma paracetamol conc above 100mg/L at 4hrs and 15mg/L at 15hrs
Staggered overdose
Present 8-24hrs after more than 150mg/kg
>24hrs if jaundiced or hepatic tenderness r ALT above upper limit normal
Common reaction to acetylcysteine - NAC and how to tx this
Anaphyloid reactions so given over 1 hour
Stop infusion and restart slower rate
General first line mx for cocaien toxicity
Benzos
CI to metformin
CKD
Ca be toxic in recent MIs (tissue hypoxia)
Idioine containing X ray contrast media
Alcohol abuse
WHta measure signifies liver failure in paracetamol overdose
Elevated prothrombin time
Most common drug associated with pulmonary fibrosis
Abs - nitrofurantoin
Amiodarone
Chemo - bleomycin
Methotrexate
In paracetamol overdose, what is the the single most important prognostic factor
Arterial PH
Induces of P450 system
antiepileptics: phenytoin, carbamazepine
barbiturates: phenobarbitone
rifampicin
St John’s Wort
chronic alcohol intake
griseofulvin
smoking (affects CYP1A2, reason why smokers require more aminophylline)
Inhibitors of P450 system
antibiotics: ciprofloxacin, erythromycin
isoniazid
cimetidine,omeprazole
amiodarone
allopurinol
imidazoles: ketoconazole, fluconazole
SSRIs: fluoxetine, sertraline
ritonavir
sodium valproate
acute alcohol intake
quinupristin
T2Diabetic with EGFR<30 but hbA1c 54 - what medication
Sitagliptin - metformin CI if egfr<30
A.E amiodarone
Thyroid dysfunction - high and low
Cornea deposits
pulmonary fibrosis
Liver fibrosis
Peripheral neuropathy
Photosensitivity
Slate grey appearance
Thromboplbleitis
Bradycardia
Lengthens QT interval;
ABG for salicylate overdose
Mixed primary respiratory alkalosis and metabolic acidosis
How to monitor dalteparin levels
Anti Factor Xa levels
BB overdose mx
Atropine
Glucagon
N,V, confusion, yellow-green vision is most likely to indicate which medication toxicity
Digoxin
MOA Digoxin
Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase
Also stimulates vagus nerve
Class of drug of Diltiazam and S/E
CCB
For angina/HTN
Hypotension, bradycardia, HF, ankle swelling
Mx salicylate overdose
Supportive - IV bicarbonate
Contraindication to sildenafil
Pts taking nitrates and related drugs like nicorandil
Hypotension
Recent stroke or MI
S/E Sildenafil
Visual disturbances - blue discolouration, non arthritic anterior ischaemic neuropathy
Nasal congestion
Flushig
GI side effects
Headache
Priapism
WHta medications can worsen glycaemia control in diabetics
Thizides
Steroids
Tacrloimus, ciclosporin
Interferon alpha
Nicotinic acid
Antipsychtoics
