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Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

How do you work out a breakthrough dose from someones maintenance dose?

A

Morphine breakthrough is 1/6 of the maintenance

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2
Q

How do you convert oral to SC/IV/IM morphine?

A

Divide by 2

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3
Q

How do you convert Oral to SC Diamorphine

A

Divide by 3

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4
Q

How do you convert oxycodone to SC Diamorphine?

A

Divide by 1.5

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5
Q

Examples of Quinolones?

A

Levofloxacin

Ciprofloxacin

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6
Q

When should quinilones be avoided?

A

Breast feeding and G6PD deficiency

Epilepsy

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7
Q

What is Diclofenac contraindicated in?

A

Any CDV disease

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8
Q

What medication can affect your Glucose Tolerance?

A

Thiazides

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9
Q

Common side effect of Colchicine

A

Diarrhoea

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10
Q

If someone is allergic to aspirin what else are they likely to be allergic to?

A

Sulphasalazine

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11
Q

Buproprion Contraindications - Smoking cessation drug

A

Reduces Seizure Threshold

Not safe in pregnancy

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12
Q

List of Critical Medications that should be given in severely unwell patient.

A 
Anticholinesterases
Anti Epileptics
Anti coagulants 
Corticosteroids
Diabetic Medication
Bronchodilators
Parkinson disease medication
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13
Q

What opiod can be used in Neuropathic Pain

A

Tramadol

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14
Q

When do you check gentamicin levels?

A

Peak - 1 Hour after administration

Trough - Just before next dose

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15
Q

If gentamicin peak levels are found to be high what is done?

A

Reduce dose of gentamicin prescribed

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16
Q

If trough Gentamicin levels are found to be high what is done?

A

Prolong interval between doses

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17
Q

When is gentamicin contraindicated?

A

Myasthenia Gravis

Renal Failure

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18
Q

What Biologics are used in Crohns and Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

TNF alpha inhibitors
Adalimumab
Infliximab
Etanercept

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19
Q

What biologics are used in Glioblastomas, Colorectal cancers and renal cancer?

A

Anti VEGF

Bevacizumab

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20
Q

What Biologics are used in CML and GI Stromal Tumours?

A

Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors

Imatinib

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21
Q

What biologics are used in renal transplants?

A

IL2 binders

Basiliximab

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22
Q

In EGF +ve Colorectal cancer what biologics can be used?

A

Epidermal Growth Factor Inhibitors

Cetuximab

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23
Q

Rifampicin

A

Liver enzyme inducer
Orange secretions
Hepatitis

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24
Q

Isoniazide

A

Liver enzyme inhibitor

Peripheral neuropathy

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25
Q

Pyrazinamide

A

Gout
arthralgia
myalgia

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26
Q

Ethambutol

A

Optic neuropathy

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27
Q

When do you check phenytoin and cyclosporin levels?

A

Before next dose

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28
Q

When do you check lithium levels?

A

12 hours after dose

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29
Q

When do you check digoxin levels?

A

6 hours after

30
Q

ACEi - side effects

A

Cough

Hyperkalaemia

31
Q

Thiazide side effects

A 
Gout 
Hypokalaemia 
Hyponatraeia 
Impaired glucose tolerance
Hypercalcaemia
32
Q

Ca channel blockers - side effects

A

Headache
Flushing
Ankle oedema

33
Q

Beta Blockers - side effects

A

bronchospasm
fatigue
cold peripheries

34
Q

PPI side effects

A

Hypomagnesia

Increase risk of C.difficile

35
Q

How long should a PPI be stopped prior to a endoscopic investigation for dyspepsia?

36
Q

Lithium toxicity - Stop these DAMN

A

Diuretics
ACEi/ARB
Metronidazole
NSAIDS

37
Q

AKI - Stop these medications DAMN

A

Diuretics
ACEi/ARB
Metformin
NSAIDs

38
Q

How often are lithium levels monitored?

A

Weekly until levels stabilise

If dose changes they are again monitored weekly until levels stabilise.

39
Q

If someones eGFR is below 10 what pain medication can they receive?

A

Fentanyl
Afentanyl
Buprenorphine

40
Q

If someones eGFR is between 50 - 10. What pain killers can they receive?

41
Q

Someone on a retinoid needs to be on what?

A

2 forms of contraception

42
Q

Side effects of retinoids

A 
Commonest is dry skin
Increased triglycerides
Hair thinning
Increased intracranial pressure
Photosensitivity
Low mood
43
Q

Side effects or contraindications for triptans

A

Tight chest and throat
Avoid with SSRIs
Sulfonamides allergy
Avoid in any CDV disease

44
Q

What blood tests are required before terbinafine. Used for fungal nail resistant to topical treatment?

A

LFT before and 4-6 weeks into treatment

45
Q

Nitrofurantoin affect on the lungs

46
Q

If someone is on clopidogrel what PPI should they be on?

A

AVOID omeprazole

Lansoprazole is first choice

47
Q

What anti hypertensive can cause constipation

A

Calcium Channel blockers

48
Q

What psychology medication can cause a benign leucocytosis

49
Q

Which anti angina medication is linked to ulceration within the GI tract?

A

Nicorandili

50
Q

Management of MRSA

A

Vancomcin -> teicoplanin -> Linezolid

51
Q

What affect can heparin have on U + Es?

A

Hyperkalaemia

52
Q

What do all controlled drug prescriptions require?

A

name and address of the patient

the form, and where appropriate the strength, of the preparation
- either the total quantity (in both words and figures) of the preparation, or the number (in both words and figures) of dosage units to be supplied
the dose (cannot write 'as directed')

prescribers name, signature, address and current date

53
Q

What must be done prior to starting Amiodarone?

A

LFT - as causes liver cirrhosis and fibrosis
TFT - causes thyroid dysfunction
U and Es - MOA is blocks K+ channel
Chest X ray - causes lung fibrosis and pneumonitis

54
Q

Some side effects of amiodarone

A

Pulmonary fibrosis, Liver cirrhosis, peripheral neuropathy, slate grey appearance, thyroid dysfunction, thrombophlebitis at sight of administration

55
Q

Side affects of cyclosporin

A

Everything is increased

56
Q

What is phenytoin linked to

A

Peripheral Neuropathy

57
Q

When do corticosteroids need to be withdrawn gradually ?

A

> 40mg daily for 1 week
3 weeks treatment
Repeated course recently

58
Q

Steroids affect on a FBC

A

Can cause a neutrophilia

59
Q

Medication linked causing pancreatitis

A 
Azathioprine 
Mesalazine
Bendroflumethiazide
Furosemide
Steroids
Sodium Valproate
60
Q

Lithium Monitoring

A

Dose checked 12 hours post dose - target 0.4 -1.0
Initial - levels checked weekly until levels stabilise
Established - levels checked every three months
- U and Es + TFT checked every 6 months
Altering dose - levels checked weekly until levels stabilise

61
Q

Lithium Toxicity

A

> 1.5mmol toxicity starts
Coarse tremor, hyperreflexia, confusion, polyuria, seizure, coma

Mild to moderate - fluid resus with normal saline
Severe - haemodialysis

62
Q

Lithium side effects

A 
Fine tremor
Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcaemia
Nephrotoxicity
ECG - T wave flattening 
Leucocytosis
Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension
63
Q

Thiazide side effect

A 
Altered OGTT
Hypokalaemia
Hyponatraemia
Hypercalcaemia
Pancreatitis
Erectile dysfunction 
Postural hypotension 
Dehydration
Agranulocytosis
Thrombocytopenia
64
Q

What affect can chloramphenicol have if taken during pregnancy or whilst breastfeeding.

A

Grey baby syndrome

65
Q

Decreases sperm count

A

Sulphasalazine

66
Q

Someone on an SSRI + NSAID should also be on?

A

PPI for gut protection

67
Q

DOACs and there predominant method of excretion

A 
Apixiban = GI aPOOxiban
Riveroxaban = Liver  liveroxaban
Dabigatran = Renal    Dabigatrenal
68
Q

How does loperamide work?

A

reduces gastric motility by stimulating opioid receptors

69
Q

What affect does trimethropin have on the acid base balance

A

Can cause Type 4 renal tubular acidosis

Avoid if on ARB or K+ sparing diuretic

70
Q

What monitoring is undertaken in statins?

A

LFT baseline and at 3 and 12 months

71
Q

Red man syndrome is associated to which antibiotic

A

Vancomycin

Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year (31 decks)

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