Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year > Ophthalmology > Flashcards

Ophthalmology Flashcards

1
Q

Acute Angle is linked to what eye shape?

A

Hypermetropia - Long Sighted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Primary Open Angled Glaucoma is linked to.

A

Myopia

Short Sighted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Night Blindness + Tunnel Vision

A

Retinal Pigmentosum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Management of a Lacrimal Sac infection

A

Warm Compress plus Oral Cephalaxin 14 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Differentiating periorbital and orbital cellulitis

A

In Peri Orbital cellulitis there is no
Pain on movement
Diplopia
Visual Impairment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Painful third nerve palsy + mydriatic pupil

A

Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Proptosis + Absent corneal reflex

A

Cavernous Sinus Syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What passes through the cavernous sinus?

A 
Occulomotor
Carotid
Abducens
Trochlear
Opthalmic V1
Maxiliiary V2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contact lenses, severe pain but no clinical findings, recent freshwater swimming

A

Acanthamoeba

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Contact lenses + keratitis

A

Pseudomonas Aeurginosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In Eso and Exo tropia what does left or right refer to

A

When using both eyes in an exotropion the affected eye is deviated to the lateral side.
Esotropion - eye is deviated medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What happens in an eso or exotropion when the unaffected eye is covered up?

A

In both cases the affected eye will move too centre and focus on whatever the person is looking at.
Esotropion will move laterally
Exotropion will move medially

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Mild Neonatal Conjunctivitis

A

Swab for sensitivity
Chloramphenicoll eye drops
Azithromycin is used if chlamydia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Severe neonatal conjunctivitis

A

Oral erythromycin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Management of Primary open angled glaucoma

A

1st - Prostaglandin Analogue Latanoprost
2nd - Beta Blocker (Timolol) + Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor ( Dorzolamide)
- Sympathimometic - Brimonidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Severe pain
Reduced visual acuity
Haloes around light
Semi dilated pupil

A

Acute Angled Glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Acute onset
Blurred vision
Small fixed pupil
Conjunctival ciliary flush

A

Anterior Uveitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Severe pain
Worse on eye movement
Non blanching
Rheumatological PMH

A

Scleritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Mild pain

Blanches

A

Episcleritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Red eye
Reduced vision
Painful vision loss
After intraocular surgery

A

Endopthalmitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Management of Anterior Uveitis

A

Urgent referral to ophthalmology

Topical Steroids and cycloplegics (mydriatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Vitreous detachment

A

Flashers floaters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If someone has a positive family history of glaucoma what do they need?

A

Annual Screening from 40 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How is Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus managed?

A

Urgent ophthalmology referral
Oral Aciclovir - 7 to 10 days
IV Acyclovir if severe
Topical steroids if secondary inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Investigation of Macular Degeneration

A

Slit Lamp is first line

  • wet - fluorescene angiogram
  • both - ocular coherence tomography
26
Q

Management of Dry macular degeneration

A

Zinc + Anti oxidant Vitamin A,C,E

27
Q

Management of Wet Macular degeneration

A

Anti VEGF 4 weekly injections

Laser phototherapy

28
Q

What may happen if a squint is left untreated?

A

Amblyopia - brain ignores input from one eye

29
Q

What is the commonest cause of a squint?

A

Concomitant - imbalanced extraoccular muscles is commonest

Paralytic - paralysis of extraoccular muscles is much rarer

30
Q

How can a concomitant squint be subdivided?

A

Convergent - looks towards midline - commonest

Divergent - looks away from midline

31
Q

Management of a squint

A

Corneal reflection test - screening

Refer to secondary care

32
Q

Can contact lenses be warn in conjunctivitis?

A

No

33
Q

Latanoprost MOA

A

Prostaglandin analogue
Increases uveosacral
Brown pigmentation of iris and thick eyelashes

34
Q

Timolol and betoxolol

A

Beta Blockers
Reduce aqueous production
Avoid in asthmatics and heart block

35
Q

Brimonidine MOA

A

Sympathithometic
Reduce production and increase uveosacral outflow
Avoid with TCA and MAOi

36
Q

Pilocarpine MOA

A

Miotics
Increase outflow
Constrict pupil, headache, blurred vision

37
Q

Reduced vision
Faded colours
Glare and halo around headlights

A

Cataracts - defective red reflex on examination

38
Q

Cataracts investigations

A

Fundoscopy - shows normal optic disc and retina

Slit Lamp - cataracts is observable

39
Q

Types of cataracts

A

Nuclear - commonest in old age
Polar - inherited
Subcapsular -steroid use
Dot opacities - diabetes and myotonic dystrophy

40
Q

Management of cataract

A

Refer for surgery if affecting QOL + brighter lights and glasses

41
Q

In turned eyelid

A

Entropion

42
Q

Out turned eyelid

A

Ectropion

43
Q

Management of a Stye

A

Warm compress and analgaesia

Antibiotics only used if concurrent conjunctivitis

44
Q

Management of a Chalazia

A

Most resolve spontaneously over a few months but some need surgery

45
Q

Stye vs Chalazion

A

Stye = infected gland in the eyelid - erythematous red and painful
Chalazion - painless lump in the eyelid

46
Q

Purulent conjunctivitis <5 days from birth

Hyperaemia, Swollen eyelids, chemosis

A

N.Gonorrhoea

47
Q

Purulent conjunctivitis >5 days from birth

Hyperaemia, Swollen eyelids, chemosis

A

Chlamydia

48
Q

Management for bacterial keratitis

A

Quinilones - ciprofloxacin topical

Cyclopentolate - for pain relief

49
Q

New onset flashers or floaters

A

24 hour ophthalmology review

50
Q

Binocular vision post trauma - what is the likely injury?

A

Depressed zygomatic fracture

51
Q

Commonest cause of blindness in the world

A

Trachoma - Caused by chlamydia trachomatis

52
Q

Trachoma presentation and management

A

Purulent conjunctivitis + entropion

Surgery and antibiotics

53
Q

What are the subtypes of diabetic retinopathy?

A

Non Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
Proliferative retinopathy
Maculopathy

54
Q

Non proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy

A 
Microaneurysm
Blot haemorrhages
Hard exudate
Cotton wool spots
Venous beading
55
Q

Proliferative retinopathy

A

Retinal neovascularisation

Common in T1DM

56
Q

Diabetic Maculopathy

A

Neovasculariation occurring on or over the macula

Common in T2DM

57
Q

Management of Diabetic retinopathy

A

All should optimise blood glucose control, BP, Hyperlipidaemia
Maculopathy - Anti-VEGF
NPDR - Regular observation - pan retinal photocoagulation if severe
Proliferative retinopathy - Anti VEGF. Vitreoretinal surgery if haemorrhage

58
Q

How does GCA cause blindness?

A

Anterior Ischaemic Optic neuropathy

59
Q

If someone presents within 100 minutes with a central retinal artery occlusion what can be used?

A

Firm ocular massage - to dislodge clot.

60
Q

Management of a branched retinal artery occlusion

A

Observe and manage conservatively if no macula oedema

VEGFi Intravitreal if signs of macular oedema

61
Q

Acute Angle drugs

A

Pilocarpine + Acetazolamide - Make pupil smaller and reduce production

Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions