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Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year > Anaesthetics > Flashcards

Anaesthetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two types of anaesthetics?

A

IV

Inhaled

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2
Q

What are the two main types of Inhaled Anaesthetics?

A

Volatile Liquid

Nitrous Oxide

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3
Q

Give some names of Volatile Liquids used in anaesthetics.

A

Isoflurane

Desflurane

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4
Q

What are Volatile liquids (-flurane) used in?

A

Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia

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5
Q

What are some risks associated with Volatile Liquids -fluranes

A

Myocardial suppression and hyperthermia

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6
Q

What is Nitrous oxide used in?

A

Induction and maintenance of anaesthesia.

Often pre IV to relax

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7
Q

When should NO be used in caution?

A

Patients with a Pneumothorax as can diffuse into space increasing the pressure.

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8
Q

Give the main IV anaesthetic agents.

A

Propofol
Thiopental
Etomidate
Ketamine

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9
Q

What is the most frequently used IV anaesthetic.

A

Propofol

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10
Q

What is Propofol mode of action?

A

GABAa inducer

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11
Q

What is a negative in regards to propofol

A

Very painful on injection

Causes hypotension

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12
Q

If you are inducing a patient who has a history of severe post anaesthetic nausea what anaesthetic is most commonly used?

A

Propofol - Anti emetic effects

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13
Q

What is Thiopentals MOA

A

GABAa

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14
Q

Describe Thiopental and how this impacts its affect.

A

Highly lipid soluble so acts very quickly on the brain.

Used in Rapid Sequence Induction

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15
Q

What is Thiopental associated with?

A

Laryngospasm

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16
Q

If you have an surgery booked with a patient who is hypotensive what anaesthetic could you use?

A

Etomidate - less hypotensive affects

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17
Q

What is Etomidate’s MOA

A

GABAa

18
Q

What are some risks associated with Etomidate?

A

Primary Adrenal Suppresion and Myoclonus

19
Q

If you’ve got an acute emergency surgery for a poltrauma patient who is haemo-dynamically unstable. What is your anaesthetic of choice?

A

Ketamine

20
Q

What are some issues with Ketamine?

A

Disorientation and Hallucination

21
Q

Ketamine MOA

A

NMDA antagonist

22
Q

What three things are required in surgery?

A

Anaesthetic
Paralytic
Pain Killers

23
Q

What are the two types of Paralytic drugs?

A

Depolarizing

Non Depolarizing

24
Q

You’ve got an acute patient requiring immediate intubation what paralytic would you use? Why?

A

Depolarizing - Suxamethonium

Rapid acting

25
Q

What do depolarising paralytics work on?

A

Nicotinic ACh receptors - Agonist

26
Q

If you see a patient who has been injected with a paralytic experience fasciculations what is the likely medication?

A

Depolarising

Suxamethonium

27
Q

What are some risks associated with Suxamethonium?

A

Hyperthermia and Hyperkalaemia

Fasciculations - anaesthetise first.

28
Q

When should suxamethonium be avoided?

A

Penetrating eye injuries

Acute angle Glaucome

29
Q

Why are non depolarising IV paralytics more commonly used for routine surgery?

A

Depolarising - no control when paralytic action stops. Withdrawal can happen randomly. Short half life
Non depolarising - longer half life and can be reversed quickly

30
Q

Give some examples of non depolarising IV paralytics.

A

Vecuronium.
Pancuronium
Rocuronium
-curonium

31
Q

What can be used to revere the paralysis caused by Non Depolarising Paralytics?

A

Neostigmine

32
Q

What are some issues with Non Depolarising - curonium - paralytics?

A

Can cause hypotension

33
Q

What Cardio Drugs should be stopped on the day of surgery?

A

ACE
ARB
Diuretics. Unless for HF

34
Q

If you decided to stop Antiplatelets prior to surgery how long should they be stopped for?

A

Aspirin and Clopidogrel 7 days

35
Q

What do Non Depolarising Paralytics work on?

A

Nicotinic ACh Antagonists

36
Q

A patient presents with apnoea post general anaesthesia. What is the likely culprit?

A

Suxamethonium - apnoea is linked to a deficiency in the enzyme needed to break it down.

37
Q

Which condition causes you to have an increased sensitivity to non depolarising anaesthetics.

A

Myasthenia Gravis

38
Q

Non depolarising anaesthetic works by.

A

Antagonistic binding of ACh receptors

39
Q

Depolarising anaesthetics work by.

A

Agonistic binding of ACh

40
Q

In rapid sequence induction what is the muscle relaxant of choice?

A

Suxamethonium

41
Q

What is the management of malignant hyperthermia?

A

IV Dantrolene

42
Q

Major side affect associated with etomidate?

A

Adrenal Suppression

Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year (31 decks)

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