Oncology Flashcards
What is the characteristic finding of Dry Macular Degeneration?
Drusen
What is found in wet AMDR
Choroidal Neovascularisation
Whats the first line investigation in AMDR
Slitlamp
In wet AMDR what investigation is often used?
Flourescein Angiography
What is seen in Grade 1 Hypertensive Retinopathy?
Tortuous Arteries and Increased light reflex
What is seen in grade 2 hypertensive retinopathy?
Arterial Nipping
What is seen in grade 3 hypertensive retinopathy?
Cotton Wool Spots
Exudates
Falme Blot Haemorhages
What is seen in grade 4 Hypertensive retinopathy
Papilloedema
AFP
Hepatocellular carcinoma
CA 19-9
Pancreatic and billiary tree
CA15-3
Breast cancer
CA - 125
Ovarian
Flushing Diarrhoea Tachychadia Bronchospams Hypotension
Raised 5HIAA
Carcinoid syndrome - neuroendocrine tumour. Symptoms develop when metastasise to the Liver or less commonly the lungs
In carcinoid syndrome what medication can be used?
Somatostatin analogue - ocreotide.
What malignancy is acanthoma nigricans related to and where is it likely to present?
Gastric Adenocarcinoma
Up to 50% present on the tongue
What is used to control pain related to bony metastases?
Opiods
Bisphosphonates
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy Agent that is neurotoxic
Asparganine
Chemotherapy Agent that is Fibrotic
Bleomycin
Chemotherapy Agent that is renal and ototoxic
Cisplatin
Chemotherapy Agent that is cardiotoxic
Doxorubicin
Chemotherapy Agent that causes peripheral neuropathy
Vincristine
Chemotherapy Agent that causes hemorrhagic cystitis and SIADH
Cyclophosphamide
Chemotherapy Agent that is myelosuppresive and nephrotoxic
Methotrexate
If someone undergoing Chemotherapy has a previous history of neutropenia secondary to chemo or any neutropenia what can they receive?
Filgrastin - Granulocyte Colony stimulating Factor
Staging of ovarian cancer
Stage 1 - confined to ovary
Stage 2 - beyond ovary but confined to pelvis
Stage 3 - beyond pelvis into abdomen
Stage 4 - distant metastases
Management of ovarian cancer
Stage 1/2 = Surgery = a total abdominal hysterectomy + bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy + infracolic omentectomy + biopsies of any peritoneal deposits + retroperitoneal lymph node assessment
- offer chemotherapy if suboptimal surgery completed
Stage 3+ = Surgery + chemotherapy
- chemotherapy is generally 6 cycles of carboplatin
Suspecting malignant spinal chord compression
Full spine MRI + oral dexamethasone
Ovarian tumours commonly spread to which lymph nodes?
Para aortic
Uterine fundus tumours commonly spread to which lymph nodes?
Para aortic
Uterine body tumours commonly spread to which lymph nodes?
Iliac lymph nodes
Cervical cancers commonly metastasis to which lymph nodes?
External iliac
Presacral nodes
Internal iliac nodes
If given pre chemotherapy what medication can help reduce the likelihood of developing tumour lysis syndrome?
Allopurinol
What chemotherapy drug can precipitate hypo magnesia?
Cyclophophamide
Meigs syndrome
Benign ovarian tumour, Ascites and pleural effusion
Management of meigs syndrome
Surgical removal of tumour usually resolves symptoms
May require drainage of ascites or effusion
Which hormone therapy used in breast cancer is cardio toxic
Trastuzumab
Absent red reflex
Strabismus
Visual impairment
Usually a child
Retinoblastoma
AD inherited in 10%
>90% survive to adulthood
Management of a retinal blastoma
Enucleation
External Beam radiotherapy
Nuclei are.
Enlarged
Hyperchromic
Pleomorphic
Carcinoma
