Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year > ENT > Flashcards

ENT Flashcards

1
Q

Someone present with persistent unilateral discharge. How should they be managed?

A

Suspect Cholesteatoma - Referal to ENT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If pressing on the soft part of the nose hasn’t helped in epistaxis. What is the likely origin of the bleed?

A

Sphenopalentine Artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Management of a severe epistaxis

A

Compression -10-15mins can add cold packs
Cautery + Lidocaine and phenyphrine spray
Nasal Packing
Artery ligation and embolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Risk Factors for Tympanosclerosis

A

Chronic Otitis Media

Grommets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does tympanosclerosis present?

A

White chalky patches on ear drum

Hearing loss

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How is tympanosclerosis managed?

A

Hearing Aids

Surgical resection of sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When shoulda perforated ear drum be refereed to ENT?

A

Unresolved by 6-8 weeks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What nerve if damaged would cause a hoarse voice?

A

Recurrent Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What nerve is damaged would cause an inability to reach high pitches?

A

Superior Laryngeal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Criteria for diagnosing and administering antibiotics for a soar throat

A 
Absence of cough
>38 degrees
Tender anterior lymphadenopathy 
Exudate 
3/4 = Bacterial Tonsilitis
>3 = Antibiotics given
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What antibiotics are used in bacterial tonsillitis?

A

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

Clarithromycin in penicillin allergy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Smooth generalised swelling which moves up on swallowing.

A

Thyroid Goitre

Remember will have systemic symptoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

<20yrs
Midline between isthmus of the thyroid and hyoid bone
Upwards on tongue protusion

A

Thyroglossal Cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Present from birth
Left sided #
Transilluminates

A

Cystic Hygroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oval mobile mass
Anterior triangle infront of sternocleidomastoid and behind pharynx
Early adulthood
Cholesterol crystals in fluid

A

Branchial cyst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

First line management if the source of the epistaxis can be visualised.

A

Cautery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

First line management if the source of the epistaxis cant be visualised.

A

Anterior packing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Criteria for administering antibiotics in Acute Otitis Media

A 
Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin
Persistent and no improvement over 4 days
Systemically unwell
<2 years + bilateral
Perforation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is used to manage Acute Otitis Media

A

Amoxicillin

Erythromycin or clarithromycin in pen allergic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Diagnostic manœuvre that will trigger a rotatory nystagmus Nausea +/- vomiting in BPPV.

A

Dix Hallpike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The manœuvre designer to reposition and treat BPPV

A

Epley

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Common causes of acute sinusitis

A

Strep Pneumonia
Haemophilus Influenza
Rhinovirus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Management of acute sinusitis

A

Supportive and Analgesia
Over 10 days of symptoms - intranasal steroid
Severe symptoms - Phenoxymethylpenicillin or Co-Amoxiclav is really bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Management of nasal polyps

A

All should be referred to ENT

Topical corticosteroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Risk factors for developing nasal polyps

A 
Asthma
Aspirin intolerance
Infective sinusitis
CF
Kartenagars syndrome 
Churgg strauss - cANCA
26
Q

In a patient presenting with a persistent hoarse voice what investigation should be done whilst waiting for the 2 week urgent referral?

A

Chest X ray to exclude apical lung lesion

27
Q

Colickly pain and post prandial swelling

80% of time affecting submandibular gland

A

Sialolithiasis - salivary gland stone

Commonly Calcium Phosphate or Carbonate

28
Q

Management and investigation in sialolithiasis

A

Sialography - visualise where the blockage is occurring
Distal Wharton’s duct - orally removed
Gland excision may be required for the rest

29
Q

What is the commonest organism linked to sialadenitis?

A

Staph Aureus

30
Q

Women 30-60
Slow progression and long history
Parotid gland

A

Pleomorphic adenoma - commonest benign tumour

Malignant potential if left

31
Q

Men over 50
Strong association with smoking
Often bilateral and multi centric

A

Warthins tumour

Benign

32
Q

Over 40
Parotid gland
Perineural invasion - loss of facial nerve

A

Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma

Commonest malignant salivary gland tumour in UK

33
Q

Malignant tumour that is common in the parotid but can appear in any gland

A

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

Commonest malignant tumour of the salivary gland world wide

34
Q

Unilateral persistent epistaxis congestion or discharge
Unilateral persistent middle ear effusion
Otalgia
Cranial nerve palsy III - VI
South China origin or lived

A

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Type of squamous cell carcinoma - linked EBV
CT and MRI imaging
Radiotherapy is management +/- surgical resection

35
Q

Management of Post tonsillectomy haemorrhage.

A

ALL REFER URGENTLY TO ENT

Primary = 6-8hrs post - urgent return to theatre
Secondary = 5-10 days later - generally due to infection - Abx and surgery
36
Q

If topical antibiotics have failed to slow progression of erythema in Otitis Externa what should you do?

A

Oral antibiotics

Consider fungal cause

37
Q

Sore throat + pyrexia + lymphadenopathy
+/- Malaise, anorexia, palatial petechia, splenomegaly, transient hepatitis
Atypical Lymphocytosis
Cold haemolytic anaemia

A

Glandular Fever
Symptoms persist over weeks
Break out into maculopapular rash if given amoxicillin

38
Q

What test should be done if you are suspecting glandular fever?

A

FBC and Monospot in 2nd week of symptoms

FBC - haemolytic anaemia and atypical lymphocytosis

39
Q

Common causes of glandular fever?

A

EBV CMV HHV-6

40
Q

Branchial cyst management

A

Exclude other causes

USS -> ENT referral -> FNA

41
Q

When examining the eardrum of someone with recurrent unilateral discharge where is the most important part to visualise?

A

Attic - to ensure you don’t miss cholesteatoma

42
Q

Family history of hearing issues
Conductive hearing loss
Accelerated during pregnancy
Schwartz sign positive

A

Otosclerosis

Redness over cochlear promontory = Schwartz signs

43
Q

Facial pain worse on leaning forwards
Nasal discharge - clear
Nasal obstruction - mouth breather
Post nasal drip - chronic cough

A

Chronic rhinositus
Avoid allergens, Intranasal steroids, nasal irrigation with saline
Red flags - unilateral symptoms + persistence despite three months of treatment

44
Q

Management of Acute Otitis Externa

A

Topical Abx +/- steroid
No improvement = refer to ENT -> oral antibiotic (flucloxacillin) or topical anti fungal
If severe debris removal may be needed

45
Q

A progressive cellulitis affecting floor of the mouth and the neck.

A

Ludwigs Angina

Medical emergency - immediate admission for IV antibiotics and surgery as airway compromise can be sudden.

46
Q

Air > bone bilaterally

High frequency hearing loss

A

presybiscus

47
Q

Bilateral nasal polyps

A

Routine referral to ENT -> intranasal steroids

48
Q

Bilateral non tender parotid swellings + xerostomia

A

Think sarcoid if alongside other symptoms

49
Q

Preceptal cellulitis

A

IV antibiotic and admission

Or antibiotics and daily follow up

50
Q

Management of Quincy

A

IV antibiotics and drainage

Consider tonsillectomy in 6 weeks time

51
Q

Otitis Media with effusion - management

A

Active observation for 6-12 weeks

Immediate referral if cleft palate or they have Down Syndrome

52
Q

Cause and management of Rhinitis Medicamentosa

A

Prolonged nasal decongestant use - causes symptoms similar to what they were using it for
Management - stop using decongestant causes symptoms to resolve

53
Q

In a hypoglossal nerve lesion the tongue points in what direction?

A

When stuck out the tongue deviates towards the side of the lesion.

54
Q

How is a sudden onset sensorineural hearing loss managed?

A

7 days oral prednisolone + urgent ENT referral

Majority are idiopathic

55
Q

Which way does the uvula point in a vagus nerve lesion?

A

Away from the site of the lesion

56
Q

What is the cut off for normal hearing on an audiogram?

A

Anything below 20db is classed as hearing loss

57
Q

Menieres - management

A

Cease driving until symptoms controlled
Acute - Prochlorperazine
Prevention - Betahistine + Vestibular rehab

58
Q

Vestibular Neuritis - management

A

Buccal or IM Prochlorperazine is first line

Vestibular rehab is key management for prevention

59
Q

Persistent Dysphonia for over 3 weeks

A

Referral to ENT

60
Q

What can be used to give a brief period of control to resistant hay fever?

A

Oral steroids

61
Q

What antibiotics is indicated in otitis externa in diabetics?

A

Ciprofloxacin to cover pseudomonas

Things I don't know, but need to know, for fourth year (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions