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HOSA > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Absorption

A

Process by which a drug enters the circulatory system (blood).

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2
Q

Intravenous (IV) & Intra-Arterial

A

Administration/Dosage routs that do not require absorption.

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3
Q

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, & Elimination… The Pharmacokinetic Process

A

ADME

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4
Q

Addiction

A

Dependence characterized by a perceived need to take a drug to attain the psychological & physical effects of mood altering substances.

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5
Q

Affinity

A

Natural attraction - the strength by which a particular chemical messenger binds to its receptor site on a cell

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6
Q

Allergen

A

Substance of a usually harmless nature that produces an abnormal hypersensitive reaction.

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7
Q

Allergic Response

A

A hypersensitive reaction to any usually harmless substance that does not normally cause a reaction.

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8
Q

Anaphylactic Reaction

A

Severe allergic response resulting in immediate life-threatening respiratory distress, usually followed by vascular collapse & shock accompanied w/ hives.

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9
Q

Angioedema

A

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue

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10
Q

Antagonist

A

Drug that neutralizes or counteracts the effects of a neurotransmitter or another drug when it binds to a particular receptor site.

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11
Q

Antigen

A

Foreign substance that is recognized by the immune system & induces the immune system to produce antibodies to defend against the foreign substance.

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12
Q

bioavailability

A

degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the target tissue after administration

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13
Q

ceiling effect

A

point at which no clinical response occurs with increased dosage of a drug

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14
Q

clearance

A

rate at which a drug is eliminated from a specific volume of blood per unit of time

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15
Q

contraindication

A

any disease, condition, or symptom for which a drug will not be beneficial and may be harmful

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16
Q

dependence

A

state in which a persons body has adapted physiologically and psychologically to a drug and cannot function without it

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17
Q

distribution

A

process by which a drug moves from the blood into other body fluids and tissues and ultimately to its site of action

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18
Q

dose

A

quantity of a drug administered at one time

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19
Q

drug abuse

A

use of a drug for purposes other than those prescribed and in amounts that were not directed.

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20
Q

drug interaction

A

when a drug is affected in some way by another drug, food, or other substances

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21
Q

drug interaction relationship: addiction

A

the combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the sum of the effects of each drug taken alone

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22
Q

drug interaction relationship: potentiation

A

1 drug increases or prolongs the action of another drug and the total effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug used alone

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23
Q

drug interaction relationship: synergism

A

the combined effect of 2 drugs is more intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects.

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24
Q

enzymes, nucleic acids, receptors, and transport proteins

A

types of specific body molecules that drugs can combine with

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25
Q

duration of action

A

length of time a drug gives the desired response/remains at the therapeutic level

26
Q

elimination

A

removal of a drug or the drugs metabolites from the body by excretion

27
Q

first order

A

drugs for which the rate of elimination is concentration dependent

28
Q

half life

A

time necessary for the body to eliminate half of the drug in the body at any 1 time

29
Q

induction

A

process by which a drug increases the concentration of certain enzymes that affect the pharmacologic response to other drugs

30
Q

Inhibition

A

process by which a drug blocks enzyme activity and impairs the metabolism of another drug

31
Q

Interaction

A

change in the action of a drug caused by another drug, food, or another substance, such as alcohol or nicotine

32
Q

Lipid

A

fatty molecule- an important consituent of cell membranes; the generally repel water

33
Q

Local Effect

A

action of a drug that is confined to a specific part of the body

34
Q

Loading Dose

A

amount of a drug that is confined to a specific part of the body

35
Q

Maintenance dose

A

amount of a drug administered at regular intervals to keep the blood concentration at a therapeutic level. An important factor in determining this is a drugs clearance rate.

36
Q

Metabolic Pathway

A

Sequence of chemical steps that convert a drug into a metabolite

37
Q

Metabolism

A

process by which drugs are chemically converted to other compounds

38
Q

Peak

A

top or upper limit of a drug’s concentration in the blood

39
Q

Pharmokinetic Modeling

A

method of describing the process of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination of drug within the body mathematically

40
Q

Pharmokinetics

A

activity of a drug within the body over a period of time; including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination

41
Q

Prophylaxis

A

Effect of a drug in preventing infection or disease

42
Q

Pruritus

A

itching sensation

43
Q

Receptor

A

protein molecule on the surface of or within a cell that recognizes and binds with specific molecules, thereby producing some effect within the cell

44
Q

Side effect

A

secondary response to a drug other than the primary therapeutic effect for which the drug was intended

45
Q

Solubility

A

ability of a drug to dissolve in bodily fluids

46
Q

Specificity

A

property of a cell receptor that enables it to bind only with a specific chemical messenger complementary to the structure of the receptor

47
Q

Systemic effect

A

action of a drug that has generalized the all inclusive effect of the drug on the body.

48
Q

Therapeutic effect

A

desired action of a drug in the treatment of a particular disease, state, or symptom

49
Q

Therapeutic level

A

amount of a drug in the blood at which beneficial effects occur. The amount of time required to achieve this can be shortened by administering a loading dose.

50
Q

Therapeutic range

A

optimum dosage, providing the best chance for achieving the most effective and desired action… dosing below this range has little effect, while dosing above this level can lead to toxicity and death

51
Q

Tolerance

A

Decrease in response to the effects of a drug as it continues to be administered

52
Q

Trough

A

lowest level of a drug in the blood

53
Q

Urticaria

A

Hives, itching sensation

54
Q

Volume of Distribution

A

mathematical relationship between the blood concentration attained and the amount of drug administered

55
Q

Wheals

A

slightly elevated red areas on the surface of the body

56
Q

Zero order

A

drugs for which the rate of elimination is not concentration dependent

57
Q

Blind investigational drug study

A

A research design in which the subjects are purposely unaware of whether the substance they are administered is the drug under study or the placebo. This method serves to eliminate bias on part of the subjects in reporting their body’s responses the investigational drugs

58
Q

Controlled substances

A

Any drugs listed on one of the ‘schedules’ of the Controlled Substance Act (aka scheduled drugs)

59
Q

Double-blind research study

A

A research design in which both the investigators and the subjects are purposely unaware of whether the substance administered to a given subject is the drug under study or the placebo. This method eliminates bias on the part of both the investigator and the subject

60
Q

Drug polymorphism

A

variation in response to a drug vecause of a patient’s age, gender, size, and/or body composition

HOSA (10 decks)

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