HOSA CPR Flashcards
Quickly and Safely
The primary objective of all peace officers responding to an emergency call should be to get to the call as ___and ___ as possible.
Dispatch
At the scene, peace officers should evaluate the nature of the accident and communicate critical information to ___.
First Responder’s
Evaluating the emergency-Ensuring the officer’s, the injured persons; and the public’s safety-taking necessary enforcement actions related to the incident-and initiating action regarding care of the injured person should be assumed as who’s responsibility?
Pathogens
These are spread through the air or by contact with another person’s blood or bodily fluids.
Virus
A submicroscopic agent that is capable of infecting living cells. Once inside they can reproduce and cause illness or disease.
(PPE) Personal Protective Equipment like gloves, mask, eye protection, ventilation devices
By using these, EMS personnel can break the chain of transmission of pathogens and prevent possible exposure and infection.
Universal Precautions
Treating all bodily fluids as if they are contaminated, washing hands before and after contact, and using proper cleaning procedures to equipment that may have been exposed are examples of universal ___ peace officers should take.
Health and Safety
Assuming EMS acts within the scope of the duties, in good faith, and provide care within their scope of training they can not be held liable for damaged, this is written in the ___ and ___ code.
TRUE
True or False? Providing care outside of he scope of one’s training, or being grossly negligent which causes injury can result in a lawsuit.
Initial Survey
The rapid 30-45 second systematic assessment of a victim to determine if life threatening conditions exist is called_____.
Responsiveness, ABC’s, Major Bleeding, treat for shock
During the initial survey officers should check ____.
Focused Survey
Systematic examination to determine whether serious conditions exist. Example: Checking vital signs, gathering info about the subject, conducting head to toe to check for injuries.
Nonsalvageable, Immediate, Delayed, Minor
When assessing the condition of multiple victims, officers should classify each victim into one of these four categories.
Nonsalvageable
The multiple victim assessment category define these people as dead or not breathing
Immediate
This multiple victim assessment category defines these people as breathing, and with circulation but unable to follow commands like “open your eyes”.
Imminent Danger
Because of spinal injury, you should never move an injured person unless you are unable to assess, like a person slumped over a steering wheel, or ___ ___ like fire, explosion, downed power lines, etc.
Check for major bleeding, Treat for shock, Activate EMS if necessary
When checking for responsiveness, a person is responsive and breathing. What do you do?
Look listen and feel for breathing
To assess if the subject is breathing, position yourself with ear near the mouth, eyes looking at the chest, and for five to ten seconds, ___, ___ and ___ for breathing
Version 4.5 Give 2 breaths, approx. 1 second each. Look for chest to rise. Version 5.0 Check pulse and give 30 compressions.
A person is not responsive on initial survey and is not breathing either, what’s the first thing you do?
Check for circulation (pulse)
A person in not responsive on initial survey, but is breathing, what’s the next thing you do?
Carotid
The presence of a pulse on a child or adult is taken at the ___ artery.
Brachial
The presence of a pulse on an infant is taken at the ___ artery.
5 to 10 seconds
How long should you check the pulse of a victim on the initial survey?
Begin CPR
A person has no pulse after giving two initial survey breaths, what happens next?
Continue with rescue breathing
A person has a pulse but is not breathing, what do you do?
Check for major bleeding, treat for shock, place victim in the recovery position
If the victim has a pulse, is breathing, but is unconscious and you do not suspect spinal injures or major bleeding
On the side, with the head supported by the lower forearm
What is the recovery position?
Move on to the next victim
During a multiple victim assessment, you notice a person is unconscious and not breathing. You clear his airway then measure again and he is still not breathing. What do you do next?
Life threatening
A victim should only be moved from his location if he is
in a ___ ____ situation.
Shoulder drag
When moving a victim, the ___ ___ technique can be used to move them regardless if the victim is supine (face up) or prone (face down).
Nose
During the rescue breathing a person’s mouth is injured and cannot be used, the officer should use the mouth to __ position.
10 to 12
Rescue breathing rate for adults and children 8 and over per minute
12 to 20
Rescue breathing rate for infants up to children 8 and under per minute
Rescue breathing
If the victim is not breathing but has a pulse, what should be done next?
Begin CPR
If the victim is not breathing and has no pulse, what should be done?
Recovery position
If the victim resumes adequate breathing and there are no indications of major bleeding or spinal injuries, then the victims can be placed in the ___ position
Recheck airway, then give smaller, slower breaths
During rescue breathing, a person’s stomach experiences gastric distension, what should be done about this?
Turn victim’s body to the side, wipe the victims mouth, recheck airway, return to supine position, return to rescue breathing
If the victim vomits during rescue breathing, what should you do?
Cardiac arrest
you come upon a person who is unresponsive, not breathing, and has no carotid pulse. This person is in a state of ____ ____ and will die without immediate care.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
A method of artificially restoring and maintaining a person’s breathing and circulation
4 to 6 minutes
A person is clinically dead once breathing and circulation stops, Biological death usually takes place within____ to ____ minutes, brain cells die, vital organs begin to deteriorate.
CPR
A person is not responsive, has an open airway, is not breathing, and has no pulse. What procedure should be started?
Treat for shock, monitor closely, place in recovery position if appropriate
After performing CPR, the victim begins breathing and has a pulse. What should be done now?
And on the sternum at the imaginary nipple line. Place second had over the first one.
The compression point for adults and children 1-8 is the same. What is it?
One finger width below an imaginary line between the nipples
The compression point for an infant is
Using two fingers only
With what part of your hand should you perform the chest compressions of an infant
Victim begins to breath again, officer is relieved, too exhausted to continue, environmental hazards continued CPR efforts would endanger the lives of others
CPR should be continued util
15 to 2
During the two person CPR, infants and children should receive chest compression to breath ratio of
After the 2 minutes of officer performing ventilation, gives one more breath, as chest is falling, rescuers switch positions
During two person CPR, when is a good time to switch positions
After 5 cycles or 2 minutes
During CPR, chest compression are gives as well as rescue breathing. After how many cycles of 30 to 2 or how many minutes of performing CPR should you stop and re-check pulse
Automated External Defibrillator. Device used to shock the heart of fatal rhythm
What is an AED
Two minutes
Rescuers should provide about how many minutes of CPR before activation the AED to reanalyze the heart rhythm and attempt another shock?
Direct Pressure, elevation, pressure points, tourniquet
There are four techniques that may be used to control bleeding at the scene of an emergency. What are they?
Head Tilt chin lift
Or the two maneuvers for opening the airways, this one provides maximum airway opening
Abdominal thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) or Chest Compressions
The two primary maneuvers for dealing with a severe airway obstruction are
Infants or pregnant women
Abdominal thrusts should not be used on
Back blows and chest compressions
A combination of ____ blows and ___ compressions may be used to dislodge a foreign object from an infants airway
Heart, blood vessels, blood
The 3 main components to the circulatory system are
Direct pressure
This bleeding control method is the most common and effective It should be used first before other options.
If a fracture to that limb or spinal cord injury is suspected
When should you not use the elevation method for bleeding control?
Pressure points
Used when bleeding is not controlled through direct pressure or elevation
Tourniquet
This bleeding control method uses a device to close off all blood flow to and from a limb, should only be used for life threatening conditions as a last resort when all other methods have failed
Abrasion
A scraping away of only the outer portion of the skin
Laceration
Jagged edged wound, caused by objects tearing or ripping the skin, broken glass, Jagged metal, saws, etc.
Shock
Perfusion is the continued flow of blood through the capillaries supplying oxygen and removing waste products. Inadequate perfusion leads to ___.
Second
Degree of burn where the skin appears red and spotted, with blisters. Knows also as partial thickness burns
Third
Degree of burn where the skin appears dry, leathery, discolored nerve endings are destroyed
Cardiac emergency
A person is experiencing chest pains, pain down the arm, some heartburn, shortness of breath and sweating. What does this indicate?
Yes
A person is experiencing a cardiac arrest but is alert enough to ask you to grab his prescribed medications and open the bottle. Is that ok to do?
Seizures
A result of and surge of energy through the brain
Epilepsy
Individuals with ___ may exhibit characteristics similar to the effects of drug use or intoxication.
Don’t restrain, move objects out of the way, cushion the person’s head
Things you can do to help a person while they are seizing
Stroke
When an artery providing blood to the brain is blocked or ruptured and creates excess pressure in the brain. The person experiences _____.
Insulin shock or diabetic coma
An improper level of insulin in the body can lead to two dangerous conditions what are they?
Children
____ are the most common victim’s of poisoning
Ingestion, Inhalation, Absorption, Injection
Four ways poison can enter the body I. I. A. I.
Anaphylactic shock
An allergic to poisons or food that can effect different parts of the body.
Hypothermia
Occurs when the body’s internal temperature drops to the point where the body’s system are affected
Mild to moderate
Violent shivering, numbness, fatigue, loss of motor coordination, rapid breathing, rapid pulse are indicators of___ to ___ hypothermia
Severe
Lack of shivering, rigid muscles/joints, slow shallow breathing, slow pulse, blue/grey skin color are indicators of ___ hypothermia
No
Should you rub a frostbitten body part?
Cramps
Heat ___ can strike when the body loses too much salt due to prolonged perspiration.
Exhaustion
Heat ___ is a form of shock that can occur when the body becomes dehydrated accompanied by profuse sweating, dizziness, headache, rapid pulse etc.
Stroke
Heat __ is life threatening condition requiring immediate attention accompanied by red, hot, dry skin, shallow breathing, and possible seizures and/or unconsciousness.
Epinephrine
Epinephrine a medication used for allergic reaction or anaphalxis to allevaite swollen blood vessels and will open up bronchioles
Rapidly
First aid for heat stroke includes activating EMS, Monitor ABC’s Remove victim from source of heat. And cooling the victim’s body as ____ as possible
Slowly
First aid measure for frostbite includes wrapping the area n dry loose bandages and allowing the area to re-warm quickly or slowly?
What are the 5 parts to the AHA Chain of Survival?
- Recognition and activation of EMS
- CPR
- Rapid defibrillation
- Effective advanced life support
- Post cardiac arrest care
Normal respiration rate for adults
12-20 breaths per min
Normal respiration rate for children
15-30 bpm
Normal respiration for infants
25-50 bpm
what is circulatory system made of?
blood, heart, and blood vessels
Arterial direction of blood flow
away from heart
What happens when an a
what happens when an artery is cut?
blood spurts out
What is the femoral artery?
In the thigh (palpated in groin area)
where is the brachial artery? when is it used?
inner of upper arm (between elbow and armpit) – used with infants
what is low blood pressure
hypotension
what is plasma?
liquid part of blood– mostly water
what do red blood cells do?
carry oxygen to organs
what refers to the circulation of blood through an organ structure?
Perfusion
what causes shock?
inadequate circulation
What are the signs of shock?
pale/cyanotic skin, cool, clammy skin, rapid pulse/breathing, restlessness, anxiety, mental dullness, nausea/ vomiting , low/decreasing blood pressure, below-normal body temp.
what does the cerebrum control?
sensation, thought, associative memory
where is the sight center located
occipital lobe
what directs smell and hearing
temporal lobes
what is the autonomic nervous system
process not controlled by conscious mind
what are the 5 parts of the spinal column?
cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, coccyx
what is the lower part of the sternum called?
xiphoid process
what is the thorax made of?
ribs and sternum
what is a joint?
where two or more bones meet/join
what can be a sign of nerve injury?
loss of muscle tone
what ate the 2 layers of the skin?
epidermis, and dermis
what does red skin generally mean?
excess circulation to part of the body
what does whit skin generally mean?
extreme blood loss, shock, hypothermia
what does blue skin generally mean?
lack of oxygen
what does yellow skin mean
liver disease/failure
