HOSA Biomedical Debate Flashcards
Opioids
drugs with pain relieving properties that are used primarily to treat pain.
Prescribed Opioids
codeine fentanyl morphine oxycodone hydromorphone medical heroin
Reasons for Prescribing Opioids
acute (short-term) moderate to severe pain
chronic (long-term) pain
moderate to severe diarrhea
moderate to severe cough
available forms of opioids
syrups tablets capsules nasal sprays skin patches suppositories liquids for injection
help prevent problematic use by others
- never sharing your medication with anyone else
- this is illegal and may also cause serious harm or death to the other person
- keeping track of the amount of pills remaining in the package
- storing opioids in a safe and secure place, out of the reach of children and teenagers
Unused portions should….
- kept out of sight and reach of children and pets
- stored in a safe place to prevent theft, problematic use or accidental exposure
- returned to a pharmacy for safe disposal if it is no longer needed or expired
- this prevents any possibility of illegal use and protects the environment from contamination
Short-term effects
drowsiness constipation impotence in men nausea and vomiting euphoria (feeling high) difficulty breathing, which can lead to or worsen sleep apnea
headaches, dizziness and confusion, which can lead to falls and fractures
Long-term effects
increased tolerance
substance use disorder or dependence
liver damage
infertility in women
worsening pain (known as “opioid-induced hyperalgesia”)
life-threatening withdrawal symptoms in babies born to mothers taking opioids
Physical withdraw effects
chills diarrhea insomnia sweating body aches nervousness widespread or increased pain irritability and agitation nausea and stomach pain
Risk for overdose
-an opioid not prescribed for you
-a higher opioid dose than prescribed for you
-illegally produced or obtained drugs may contain opioids
-an opioid with alcohol
-an opioid with other depressant drugs including:
sleeping pills (benzodiazepines)
anxiety medication
muscle relaxants
Signs/symptoms of Overdose
difficulty walking/talking/staying awake blue lips or nails very small pupils cold and clammy skin dizziness and confusion extreme drowsiness choking, gurgling or snoring sounds slow, weak or no breathing inability to wake up, even when shaken or shouted at
Reducing the risk of overdose
- not using alone
- knowing your tolerance (how much you can take)
- having a naloxone kit available, and knowing how to use it
- using a small amount of an opioid first to check the strength
- not taking opioids with alcohol or other drugs (unless prescribed by your doctor)
Nicknames of Fentanyl
Apache, China Girl, China White, Dance Fever, Friend, Goodfella, Green beans, Jackpot, Murder 8, Shady 80s, TNT, Tango and Cash
Naloxone
a drug hat can temporarily reverse the effects of an opioid overdose
more than two million Americans…
become dependent on or abused prescription pain pills and street drugs.
of overdoses in US in 2017 that involved opioids
49,068
of people that die everyday due to opioid drug related overdose in 2016/2017
130
percentage of prescribed opioids
Dropped 10.2% in 2017 from 2016
Opioids bind…
to receptors in the brain and spinal cord, disrupting pain signals
Hormone released by Opioids
Dopamine
Morphine and codeine
derived from opium poppy plant grown in Asia, Central America, and South America
Hydrocodone and Oxycodone
Semi-synthetic drugs; manufactured in labs
Most prescribed opioid in 2016/2017?
Hydrocodine
Hydrocodine
Vicodin
Second most prevalent Opioid
Oxycodone
Oxycodone
procecet
of hydrocodone distributed
6.2 billion
of Oxycodone distributed
5 billion
percentage of consumed hydrocodone in America (based against other Countries)
99.7%
Fentanyl
Fully synthetic drug, used to alleviate severe pain associated with terminal illness
What drug is 100x more powerful than Morphine?
Fentanyl
Methadone
fully synthetic drug, dispensed to recovering heroin addicts to relieve withdrawal symptoms
Opioid Use Disorder (OUD)
Clinical name for Opioid addiction
Opioid Fraud and abuse detection unit
prosecute individuals who commit opioid-related health care fraud
Percentage of opioid deaths caused by Fentanyl in 2016
46%
West Virginia
Ranked 1st in opioid related deaths/100,000 people with 43.40 according to National institute on drug abuse
Nebraska
Ranked 50th in opioid related deaths/100,000 people with 2.40 according to National Institute on drug abuse
Texas
Ranked 48th in opioid related deaths/100,000 people with 4.90 according to National Institute on drug abuse
Street names for Codeine
Captain Cody Cody Lean Schoolboy Sizzurp Purple drank with gluteth-imide: Doors & Four Loads, Pancakes and Syrup
Street names for Oxymorphone
Biscuits, Blue Heaven, Blues, Mrs. O, O Bomb, Octagons, Stop Signs
Street names for Oxycodone
O.C., Oxycet, Oxycotton, Oxy, Hillbilly Heroin, Percs
Street names for Morphine
M,
Miss Emma,
Monkey,
White Stuff
street name for Hydrocodone
Vike,
Watson-387
Street names for Hydromorphone
D, Dillies, Footballs, Juice, Smack
street names for Merperidine
Demmies,
Pain Killer
street names for Mathaone
Amidone,
Fizzies with MDMA: Chocolate Chip Cookies
Dsuvia
5-10 times stronger than Fentanyl and 1000 more potent than Morphine
Restrictions to Dsuvia
- cannot be used for more than 72 hours
- only be distributed to health care settings certified in the DSUVIA Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy (REMS) program
- same black-box warnings as are required for all opioids about the risk of misuse and abuse that can lead to addiction and overdose death
United States overdose ranking
ranked 1st in overall overdose deaths and more than the next 12 countries combined (Includes more than Opioid deaths)
Opioid Addictions –
Opioids produce a sense of wellbeing or euphoria that can be addictive to some people.
Opioids used for wellbeing
Opioids are legitimately used for treating pain. When used for pain relief, many people develop tolerance, meaning they need more and more to get the same effect. Some people go on to develop an addiction to opioids. They begin to obsessively think about getting more opiates and in some cases engage in illegal activities such as double doctoring.
Death caused by opioids
Tolerance to the euphoric effect of opioids develops faster than tolerance to the dangerous. Therefore people often overdose by mistake because they are trying to get a higher high and take too much.
