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HOSA > Human Growth and Development > Flashcards

Human Growth and Development Flashcards

1
Q

behaviors

A

individual responses or reactions to internal stimuli and external conditions

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2
Q

biology

A

individual’s genetic makeup

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3
Q

determinants of health

A

range of social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status

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4
Q

Healthy People 2020

A

an evidence based 10 year report card describing health care accomplishments within the United States from the years 2000 to 2010

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5
Q

infant mortality rate

A

number of deaths that occur before 1 year of age per 100 live births

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6
Q

Leading Health Indicators

A

selected high priority issues

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7
Q

life expectancy

A

average number of years a person born in a given year is expected to live

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8
Q

physical environment

A

thought of as that which can be seen, touched, heard, smelled, and tasted

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9
Q

social environment

A

interactions with family, friends, coworkers, and others in the community

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10
Q

accreditation

A

process by which an institution is recognized as meeting specific predetermined standards of care

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11
Q

Federal Register

A

Federal legislation concerning health care which is recorded and published

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12
Q

health maintenance organizations (HMOs)

A

provide care for prepaid members

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13
Q

homeopathy

A

the use of minute proportions of naturally occurring chemicals for their healing power

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14
Q

informed consent

A

the nurse is responsible to sign as a witness that a patient has received info regarding risks, advantages, and alternatives available for a planned procedure in a language understood by the patient

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15
Q

managed care organizations (MCOs)

A

attempt to standardize and control costs of health care

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16
Q

Medicaid

A

benefits are provided on an basis of need or poverty

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17
Q

Medicare

A

Benefits are received after contributions are maid through payroll deductions

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18
Q

nurse practice acts

A

defines the scope of practice for nurses within the state

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19
Q

Nursing Licensure Compact (NLC)

A

enables traveling nurses to function in multiple states

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20
Q

Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA)

A

requires standards of safety to be maintained by employers to protect the health and safety of employees and mandates the reporting of injuries sustained by workers

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21
Q

plan of care

A

developed as a tool for multidisciplinary communication and can be an individual patient plan of care, a family plan of care, or a hospital care path

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22
Q

political action committees (PACs)

A

influence legislation by offering monetary contributions to legislators who support their needs and by providing lobbying efforts to create and awareness of needed legislation

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23
Q

preferred provider organizations (PPOs)

A

contract with professional to provide care to a specific group of patients at an agree-on-fee-for-service rate

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24
Q

scope of practice

A

identification of and legal limitations to the usual and customary skills practiced by a professional

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25
Q

standards of practice

A

foundations of laws related to consumer protection

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26
Q

acculturation

A

adjustment to a new culture, results in differences in practice within the same cultural group

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27
Q

alternative medicine

A

therapies that are used instead of Western medical care

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28
Q

beliefs

A

cultural teachings of practice and values that are handed down for generations; deep

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29
Q

complementary medicine

A

therapies that are used together with Western therapies

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30
Q

cultural awareness

A

recognizing the history of patients’ ancestry or culture and how their customs influence the handling of problems, issues, or teachings

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31
Q

cultural care

A

consists of health-promotion activities initiated by a culturally competent health-care worker

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32
Q

cultural competance

A

awareness of, acceptance, and respect for beliefs, values, traditions, and practice that are different from one’s own

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33
Q

cultural interventions

A

achieved when health-care info is presented in a way that includes specific cultural styles, colors, pictures, symbol, and so forth, that add credibility to the content by

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34
Q

cultural sensitivity

A

observing and demonstrating knowledge or culturally appropriate verbal language, body language, use of personal space, and gesture of respect towards family members

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35
Q

cultural stereotyping

A

assumption that all the people in one culture behave the same thing

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36
Q

culture

A

set of learned valued, beliefs, customs, and behaviors that is shared by a common group and is passes through generations of family

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37
Q

ethnicity

A

cultural patterns shared by people with the same cultural heritage

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38
Q

ethnocentric

A

believing their culture, beliefs, and values to be superior to other

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39
Q

stereotyping

A

all people from a specific cultural or ethnic group behave or believe the same way

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40
Q

values

A

deep feelings about what is right or wrong, good or bad; most personal values are learned in a childhood and are influenced by a culture

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41
Q

blended family

A

one or both spouses bring children from previous relationships into a new family unit

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42
Q

cultural assimilation

A

process by which members of a specific culture group lose the characteristics of that group and adapt practices of another group

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43
Q

cultural relativism

A

concept that normality come from the standard social practices of a specific culture

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44
Q

culture shock

A

effect of a sudden, drastic change in the cultural environment of an individual or family

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45
Q

developmental stage

A

period in life characterized by the master of a specific skills or behaviors

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46
Q

developmental task

A

competency or skill that helps a person cope with the environment or advance personal development

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47
Q

dysfunctional family

A

a family that does not offer consistency of members or rules, may exhibit poor interpersonal relationships among its members, deal poorly with conflicts and problems, and often cannot reach out to the community for help

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48
Q

Facebook depression

A

common term used for the teen who overuses social networking to the point of altering sleep and eating habits and isolating himself from peers and family, eventually succumbing general depression

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49
Q

family

A

basic social system that involves commitment and interaction among its members

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50
Q

family systems theory

A

based on the understanding the family functions are interconnected

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51
Q

post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A

witnessing parental violence or any event that causes upheaval or disruption of family life

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52
Q

sexting

A

sending or receiving sexually explicit text message or picture

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53
Q

sibling rivalry

A

competition or struggle between 2 or more children in a family; usually for parental attention and love

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54
Q

theory

A

group of concepts that forms that basis for understanding observations

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55
Q

behavioral theories

A

designed to explain the development of specific behaviors and suggest their relationships to other developing social skills

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56
Q

behaviorist theory

A

learning and interaction with the environment is the center of development

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57
Q

classical conditioning

A

pairing things in the environment

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58
Q

cognitive theories

A

advancement of the development of theories

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59
Q

Electra anxiety

A

little girls compete with their mothers for the love and attention of their fathers

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60
Q

extrovert

A

outgoing person who focuses on others in the environment

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61
Q

humanist theories

A

describe the influence of human experiences such as love, and attachment on behavior and personality development

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62
Q

information-processing theory

A

info is input, is processed mentally, and is then followed by an output of judgement and decision making

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63
Q

introvert

A

quiet person who focuses inwardly on self

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64
Q

looking-glass self

A

self image is formed through 3 steps 1) imagining how we portray our selves to other 2) imagining how other evaluating us 3) combining these impressions to formulate a self concept or idea of what we are like

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65
Q

moral reasoning

A

development of a set of rules that enables a person to differentiate right form wrong; based on perception and integration of these rules

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66
Q

Oedipus complex

A

little boy compete with their father for the love and attention of their mothers

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67
Q

operant conditioning

A

involves behavioral consequences such as reward or punishment

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68
Q

psychodynamic theories

A

focus on personality-trait development of thinking

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69
Q

social-learning theory

A

involves exposure to and imitation of a behavior

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70
Q

sociocultural theories

A

how culture influences behaviors

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71
Q

apgar score

A

rating of heart, respiration

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72
Q

attachment

A

refers to an affectoinate tie that occurs over time as result of parent infant interaction

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73
Q

bonding

A

strong emotional tie between parent and newborn

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74
Q

chromosome

A

thread of protein and dna

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75
Q

dizygotic

A

fraternal twins

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76
Q

dominant gene

A

will over power a recessive gene

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77
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

zygote does not move freely through the fallopian tube, can rupture

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78
Q

en face

A

face to face bonding with mother and baby

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79
Q

engrossment

A

intense focus on the newborn

80
Q

fetal alchohal syndrome

A

mental retardation and abnormal facial features

81
Q

fetus

A

developing baby

82
Q

gene therapy

A

placing theraputic gene on virus vector

83
Q

genome

A

complete set of dna in all cells

84
Q

gestation

A

fetal life

85
Q

gestational diabetes

A

diabetes during pregnancy

86
Q

monozygotic

A

identicle twins

87
Q

multifetal

A

twins triplets etc.

88
Q

mutated

A

variations that can be abnormal

89
Q

syndrome

A

group of symptoms or signs to abnormal condition

90
Q

viable

A

able to survive outside uterus

91
Q

virus vector

A

virus that can enter specific cells in the body

92
Q

autonomy

A

independance

93
Q

ceophalocaudal

A

progression of growth pattern

94
Q

coping skill

A

behavior that helps person adapt

95
Q

defense mechanism

A

reaction that is protective

96
Q

development

A

indicates and increase in function

97
Q

expressive

A

can say it

98
Q

growth

A

increase in size

99
Q

infant

A

4 weeks to 1 year

100
Q

lenght

A

measured while infant is laying

101
Q

nonverbal language

A

language of motions

102
Q

norms

A

guidelines concerning the ages of at which specific skills are achieved

103
Q

nursing carries

A

cavities that occur when the infant is put to bed while sucking on milk

104
Q

object performance

A

knowing the object is there even though one cannot see it

105
Q

ordinal position

A

only child, oldest, middle

106
Q

personality

A

unique combo of characteristics that result in behavior

107
Q

pincer action

A

enables the infant to grasp with thumb and finger

108
Q

preverbal

A

first year of life

109
Q

receptive

A

can understand it

110
Q

dental caries

A

cavities

111
Q

age appropriate toys

A

toys that are safe for age group

112
Q

cooperative play

A

3 to 4 year olds playing together

113
Q

corporal punishment

A

spanking

114
Q

discipline

A

guiding

115
Q

early childhood

A

1 to 6 years of age

116
Q

immunity

A

bodys resistance to disease causing organisms

117
Q

oropharynx

A

back of the throat

118
Q

parallel play

A

plays next to friend but not with them

119
Q

pincer grasp

A

pick up small objects with thumb and finger

120
Q

preschool phase

A

2 to 6 years of age

121
Q

time out

A

response to unacceptable behavior

122
Q

toddler phase

A

1 to 2 years of age

123
Q

cognitive style

A

pattern of thought and reasoning

124
Q

middle childhood

A

6 to 12 years

125
Q

mnenomic technique

A

rythm for remembering things

126
Q

moral behaviors

A

actions based on moral behaviors

127
Q

plaque

A

sticky mass that grows on teeth

128
Q

social cognition

A

interact better with peers and can enhance their self concept

129
Q

abstinence

A

avoid sexual intercource

130
Q

adolescence

A

bridge between childhood and adulthood

131
Q

asynchronous

A

different parts of the body mature at different times

132
Q

clique

A

social group with fixed exclusive membership

133
Q

ejaculation

A

release of sperm during an orgasm

134
Q

empathy

A

understanding how others feel

135
Q

menarche

A

first menstrual period

136
Q

nocturnal emissions

A

ejaculate during sleep

137
Q

ovulation

A

one of eggs finally matures and is released from the ovary

138
Q

puberty

A

sexual maturity

139
Q

secondary sex characteristics

A

not involved in the reproductive process but appear at this time

140
Q

spermatogenesis

A

production of sperm

141
Q

vigorous exercise

A

20 min of sweaty exercise

142
Q

exercise

A

consists of specifically planned activities

143
Q

hysterectomy

A

removal of uterus

144
Q

intimacy

A

one of the major tasks for adulthood

145
Q

intimate partner violence

A

domestic violence

146
Q

PID

A

damage of this can cause ectopic pregnancy

147
Q

physical activity

A

daily activities that use energy

148
Q

sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)

A

the major cause of PID

149
Q

structure

A

each “season of life” has a structure that is separated by transitional periods

150
Q

testicular self-examination (TSE)

A

examining testicles to prevent testicular cancer and other diseases

151
Q

transitional phase

A

choices are reviewed and reevaluated, and changes may be made

152
Q

vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)

A

controversial topic (idk)

153
Q

young adulthood

A

20-40 years of age

154
Q

climacteric

A

time in life in which hormonal changes result in cessation of the reproductive ability in the female and a corresponding decrease in sexual activity in the male

155
Q

“empty nest syndrom”

A

gown children start to leave home for the first time and may increase the feelings of isolation

156
Q

generativity

A

contribution in a positive way to family or community

157
Q

hot flashes

A

may result when the capillaries dilate and blood rushes to the skin surface; body feels warm, the woman may sweat, and then vasoconstriction occurs and the woman feels cold

158
Q

identity accomodation

A

changing the concept of one’s own identity to fit reality, rather than what was dreamed

159
Q

menopause

A

cessation of the menstrual period caused by hormonal changes in the body

160
Q

middle adulthood

A

40-60 years of age

161
Q

midlife crisis

A

may fear the inevitability of their own mortality which may lead to despair; try to make up for lost opportunities of the past or challenge the inevitability of the future

162
Q

reproductive health

A

health of the reproductive organs in all persons

163
Q

sandwich generation

A

must handle increased financial and emotional responsibilities related to their children and their older and possibly dependent parents

164
Q

sexuality

A

involves beliefs and behaviors that surround physiological responses, emotions, and sociocultural values

165
Q

stagnation

A

total concern for self and denial of the developmental process

166
Q

assistive devices

A

walkers, canes, respiratory equipment, hearing aids, and electronic emergency-response devices

167
Q

disengagement

A

removing emotional attachments to people, places, and objects which is part of the natural aging process

168
Q

elder abuse

A

infliction of harm or neglect through actions or acts of omission

169
Q

late adulthood

A

65-74 years of age

170
Q

polypharmacy

A

ingestion of multiple medications in one day

171
Q

relatedness

A

a sense of belonging

172
Q

activities of daily living (ADLs)

A

bathing, brushing, dressing, and eating may need for the patient to be in a nursing home or long-term care facility

173
Q

ageism

A

people of advanced old age avoided

174
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

involves loss of memory, disorientation, loss of the ability to communicate and function in social situations

175
Q

apoptosis

A

the membrane surrounding the cell breaks down

176
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size; neurons atrophy during the aging process, and the transmission of impulses to the brain becomes sluggish

177
Q

biological clock

A

during apoptosis, the debris is phagocytized (eaten) by surrounding cellular materials

178
Q

free radical

A

one ion breaks off and is no longer paired

179
Q

geriatrics

A

study of rapidly expanding age group has become a specialty in the health care field

180
Q

immune theory

A

the end result is that the body’s immune response is impaired which causes the aging person to be more susceptible to variety of illnesses or infections

181
Q

osteoporosis

A

thinning of the bone

182
Q

senescene

A

a period in an older adult’s life in which the body begins to age and weaken

183
Q

wear-and-tear theory

A

human body wears out and breaks down

184
Q

Advanced health care directives (AHCDs)

A

used to inform health-care providers and family members of the wishes of the patient as related to the level of lifesaving measures or heroics to be used when the patient is near death and is unable to communicate

185
Q

assisted suicide

A

action of a person other than the patient to facilitate suicide

186
Q

euthanasia

A

intentional act (such has lethal injections of drug) which causes death

187
Q

hospice care

A

program that supports the patient and family through the dying process and helps the survivors through the period of bereavement

188
Q

therapeutic communication

A

involves accepting the patient’s emotional outbursts and expressions of anger encouraging venting and verbalization

189
Q

therapeutic presence

A

remaining near the patient and family, or simply holding a hand, provides strength while facilitating the expression of emotions and grief

190
Q

anticipatory grief

A

grief that occurs before the loss

191
Q

bereavement

A

involves grief and mourning

192
Q

condolence

A

express sympathy or to grieve together

193
Q

eulogy

A

a speech usually presented at the funeral ceremony intended to memorialize the deceased by including a condensed life history, details of interests and achievements at home and work, family memories, and a summary of what the deceased enjoyed in life

194
Q

funeral

A

an activity shortly after death involving a meaningful ceremony to remember the life of a deceased

195
Q

grief

A

emotional responses to a loss and is a process through which a survivor accepts the loss

196
Q

legacy

A

grandchild, property, a culture, an organization, or writings

197
Q

mourning

A

an outward expression of grief

HOSA (10 decks)

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