PHARMACOKINETICS 2 Flashcards
Refers to when drug travels intact through the biliary tract after initial absorption and then is reabsorbed
Enterohepatic recycling
Movement of molecule based on the difference in concentration across 2 regions
Diffusion
Refers to when molecules are transported by the movement of a liquid or gaseous vehicle
Convection
Refers to the difference in the amount of a substance inside and outside the cell
Concentration gradient
Transcellular is the ____________
Paracellular is the ___________
Movement across the cell
Movement that goes through the gaps or tight spaces between cells
Transport that utilizes the movement of higher concentration to lower concentration
Passive Diffusion / Passive Transport
(T/F) Only non-ionized molecules can pass through the cell membrane with passive diffusion
True
(T/F) Passive diffusion is the most common and fastest transport system
False (It is the most common, but it is the slowest)
Refers to diffusion of water in the cells
Osmosis
Law that states that the RATE OF DIFFUSION is PROPORTIONAL to the CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Fick’s First Law
Law that states that CHANGE IN CONCETRATION WITH RESPECT TO TIME is proportional with CHANGE IN CONCENTRATION GRADIENT
Fick’s Second Law
Transport that does not need cellular energy and moves along a gradient
Facilitated Transport
Transport that requires energy and moves from lower con. to higher con.
Active transport
Transport that moves with fluid through the pores in the cell wall
Convective-Pore Transport
They are water filled pores where small drug molecules can pass through
Aquaporin
Vesicular Transport that is cell drinking and transports small hydrophilic molecules
Pinocytosis
Vesicular Transport that is cell eating, and transports larger particles (macromolecules)
Phagocytosis
Vesicular transport in which cells absorb molecules (such as proteins) by engulfing them.
Endocytosis
Vesicular Transport in which an intracellular vesicle (membrane bounded sphere) moves to the plasma
membrane and fusion of the vesicular membrane and plasma membrane ensues.
Exocytosis
Complex of organic anion with cation and linkage of ionized drug with oppositely charge ion (neutral
complex)
Ion Pair Transportation
The processes that refers to the drug from the systemic circulation to organs and tissue
Distribution
Refers to drugs that are unbound to plasma proteins.
Free Drug
EX: Warfarin (Coumadin®)
Major plasma protein component and most abundant protein that is responsible for osmotic pressure of blood
Albumin
Refers to macromolecular complexes of lipids + proteins
Lipoproteins
May bind both endogenous and exogenous compounds
RBC
may be responsible for the transport of certain endogenous substances such
as corticosteroid
Globulin
(T/F) Albumin is synthesized in the kidney
False ( in the liver)
(T/F) Blood flow is an important factor in
determining the initial distribution of drugs
True
What are the areas with high blood flow?
Heart
Liver
Kidneys
Brain
(T/F) The BBB and PLACENTAL BARRIER
Allows only non-ionized, unbound drug to enter brain.
True
The metabolic conversion of drugs, generally to less active compounds but sometimes to isoactive or more active forms.
Biotransformation
