Pharmaceutics

Question 1

Examples of polymorphism include theobroma oil or cocoa butter exhibit polymorphism

Answer 1

Cocoa butter exhibits six polymorphs; alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-3, beta-4, beta-5 and beta-6.
Cocoa butter beta-3 polymorph is stable in all cocoa butter equivalents at temperature 19 °C, 22 °C and 26.5 °C

Question 2

WHy cocoa butter equivalents are usually formulated by blending

Answer 2

Examples of cocoa butter equivalents are non-fractionated illipe fat or from solid fractions of shea butter, sal fat, and palm oil.the compositional properties of these single fats do not fit well enough with all polymorphs of cocoa butter so….

Question 3

What equation is used for calculating the effect of temperature on drug degradation

Answer 3

(Arrhenius equation)

Question 4

Water-soluble antioxidants?

Answer 4

Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)

Question 5

Fat-soluble antioxidants?

Answer 5

Vitamin E (tocopherol)

Question 6

Theobroma oil and cocoa butter are?

Answer 6

Polymorphs

Question 7

Same substances, with different crystal structures also they differ in density, physical properties. →

Answer 7

Polymorphs

Question 8

Water-soluble antioxidants?

Answer 8

Ascorbic acid

Question 9

Polymorphs are different in crystalline forms of the same drug, will differ in→

Answer 9

melting point, X-ray diffraction, solubility, and density, dissolution, and stability.

Question 10

USP official room temperature is →

Answer 10

25oC

Question 11

Protect from light indicates storage in light resistant container that reduces light transmission in the range of →

Answer 11

290 to 450 nanometers

Question 12

Pycnometer is used for →

Answer 12

Measure weight of liquid with same volume

Question 13

Hydrometer is used for →

Answer 13

measure specific gravity by means of floating in liquid.

Question 14

Boric acid is →

Answer 14

mild antiseptic used in the eye, topically and vaginally

Question 15

Tannic acid is →

Answer 15

used in treatment of burns and bed sores

Question 16

Acetic acid is →

Answer 16

used as bladder irrigate

Question 17

Freon were →

Answer 17

used as freezing agent

Question 18

Glidants properties are measured by

Answer 18

“Angle of repose” and X-ray photo electron.

Question 19

Glidants Example

Answer 19

corn starch, silica derivatives (silicon dioxide colloidal), and talc.

Question 20

Anti-adherent Example

Answer 20

talc, magnesium stearate and starch,

Question 21

Lubricant Example

Answer 21

PEG , stearic acid, stearic acid salts (calcium, zinc and magnesium stearate–commonly used).

Question 22

Disintegrant Example

Answer 22

Starch, cellulose, crosses linked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, sodium starch glycolate, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose.

Question 23

Binder TYPES AND Example

Answer 23

Wet/Solution Binders.: Gelatin, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), starch, sucrose, and PEG.
Dry Binders: Cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, PEG, and starch. (TIP: Wet solution binder ++++Gelatin, sucrose.

Question 24

Filler/diluents Example

Answer 24

Lactose, sucrose, glucose, mannitol, sorbitol, calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and cellulose.

Question 25

Pharmaceutical excipients

Answer 25

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