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PEBC > Eye and Ear > Flashcards

Eye and Ear Flashcards

1
Q

Optic nerve from both eye merge at _____________ and becomes_________.

A

optic chiasm, optic tract

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2
Q

Primary visual area in ______________of cerebral cortex

A

occipital lobes

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3
Q

Rate limiting step for ophthalmic drops.

A

Cornea

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4
Q

After light passes through the cornea, a portion of it passes through an opening known as

A

pupil

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5
Q

Pupil opening can be adjusted by

A

dilation of the iris

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6
Q

The lens is attached to the

A

ciliary muscles

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7
Q

Ciliary gland: secrete______ humor

A

aqueous

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8
Q

Which part of eye is Related to Age Related Macular Degeneration (AMD) conditions

A

Macula

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9
Q

Myopia is

A

nearsightedness

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10
Q

A diopter is a unit of measurement of the ____________

A

power of lens

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11
Q

The total optical power of the relaxed eye is approximately _________ diopters

A

60

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12
Q

Retina has 3 cell types. The Retina cell signaling occurs in the order: _____—–>_______—–>________—–>Optic nerve

A

photoreceptor —–>Bipolar cells—–>ganglionic cells—–>Optic nerve

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13
Q

Its night and Dark—-> Depolarised photoreceptor release GLUTAMATE——> ++++Bipolar cell active—–>—–Inhibit ganglionic cells

A

Light cause photoreceptor to hyperpolarize—–>inhibits bipolar cells thus activate ganglion cell

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14
Q

Light on the retina converts 11-cis retinal to

A

all 11-Trans retinal.

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15
Q

Retinal,retinol/retinoic acid is another name for vitamin __

A

A

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16
Q

________ is active form of vitamin A

A

Rhodopsin

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17
Q

Precursor of vitamin A is?

A

Beta carotenoids.

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18
Q

Zeaxanthine is carotene analog is present in?

A

macula in eye

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19
Q

(TTT) Topical Tretinoin is Trans.

Trans means Isomer of 13-Trans retinoic acid

A

Oral isotretinoin is? Isomer of 13-Cis retinoic acid

20
Q

Another name for Nightblindness

A

nyctalopia

21
Q

Patient is using Accutane (isotretinoin) for acne. Wants to buy vitamin A supplements. What this pharmacist concern?

A

Toxicity is concern

22
Q

Normal range intraocular pressure or ocular hypertension

A

12 to 22 mm Hg

23
Q

There are 5 class of medications for treatment of Glaucoma

A 
beta blockers
prostaglandin analogs
carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
alpha2 agonist 
cholinergic agonist
24
Q

Increasing intra ocular pressure (IOP) cause glau-coma. This is due to

A

1) Increase aqueous humor production cause increase
IOP.
2) Decrease aqueous humor secretion/out flow from
shlemn canal.
The drugs act by either blocking the production(CA inhibitor,B blocker) or increasing the out flow(PG analogs) or both (alpha2 agonist).
However, Cholinergic agonist directly stimulate muscarinic receptors to CONTRACT CILIARY MUSCLE and increase trabecular outflow.

25
Q

The dry ARMD form is characterized by

A

drusen

26
Q

out of dry and wet ARMD, dangerous one is

A

wet form

27
Q

The _______________ is useful for detecting vision changes by patients.

A

Amsler grid or chart

28
Q

Which are two types of carotenoids analogs, which are yellow to red pigments found widely in vegetable

A

Lutein & Zexanthin

29
Q

Denaturing means

A

nature of the proteins change and gradually the lens loses its transparency thus starting to scatter light.

30
Q

corticosteroids and cataract

A

Long term use of corticosteroids can cause cataract and may progress even after stopping steroids

31
Q

Cataract surgery postoperative care :

A

1) Dilators and cycloplegic:Cyclopentolate, phenylephrine, tropicamide
2)Anti-inflammatory 3-4 wks:Dexamethasone, prednisolone, diclofenac, and ketorolac.
3)Antibiotics:Fluoroquinolones(-floxacin),
Aminoglycosides (-mycin)

Combination eye drops: Tobradex (tobramycin+ dexamethasone) ointment and suspension eye drops.

32
Q

________produces ear-wax

A

Ceremonious gland

33
Q

Two common problems associated with outer ear (Otitis externa)

A

swimmers’ ear and earwax builds up.

34
Q

Earwax is removed by

A

carbamide peroxide and mineral oil.

35
Q

__________is indicator of infection of ear bones or tympanic membrane.

A

Fluid

Other indications are (fever, pain in ear, redness and swelling, drainage).

36
Q

The drug of choice for otitis media?

A

Amoxicillin
azithromycin
clarithromycin

37
Q

Which part of ear gets affected by ototoxic drug

A

Inner ear

38
Q

Drugs that cause ototoxicity’s:

A

Mnemonic: Don’t Loop & SNAG MY PLATe CHRISTINE QUIN

39
Q

Ear wax When to refer to doctor?

A

Wax buildup with hearing loss, or with pain, foreign objects in ear canal

40
Q

Swimmers Ears: Refer to doctor if

A

Fever & severe pain and that are not diminished by OTC pain medications.

41
Q

Otitis media infection require referral to physician if

A

Otitis media with perforation of the tympanic membrane or drainage from the middle ear

42
Q

Meniere’s disease can cause

A

Inner ear conditions.

Meniere’s disease is characterized as Vertigo, hearing loss and tinnitus

43
Q

Instilling Ear drops: pull ear down and back for

A

infants and toddlers (older children are not included in this)

44
Q

Optic nerve composed of?

A

Retinal ganglionic and glial cells

45
Q

Drugs that ocular toxicities are

A

amiodarone - corneal deposits
hydroxychloroquine - ocular toxicity
ethambutol and isotretinoin - vision changes
Rifampin - discoloration of contact lens.

PEBC (19 decks)

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