Antibiotics

Question 1

Macrolides doesnot act on which type of organism

Answer 1

Anaerobic organisms

Question 2

Erythromycin in pregnancy

Answer 2

Can be used in pregnant and breastfeeding women but do not use erythromycin estolate during pregnancy: causes cholestatic hepatitis.

Question 3

Penicillins that can be given orally? why?

Answer 3

Penicillin V…………………β-lactamase sensitive
Oxacillin……………………β-lactamase resistant
Amoxicillin…………………β-lactamase sensitive
Ampicillin…………………..β-lactamase sensitive

Can be given orally because they are acid resistant ( gastric acid resistant).

Question 4

Penicillins that are acid sensitive?

Answer 4

Penicillin G………………β-lactamase sensitive
Methicillin………………β-lactamase resistant
Nafcillin……………………β-lactamase resistant

Question 5

Penicillin that is betalactamase sensivite and acid sensitive?

Answer 5

Penicillin G ( SENSITIVE)

Question 6

Penicillin that is betalactamase resistant and acid resistant?

Answer 6

Oxacillin ( RESISTANT)

Question 7

PAPA is SENSITIVE beta lactamases

Answer 7

Penicillin G
Amoxicillin
Penicillin V
Ampicillin

Question 8

Types of HYPERSENSITIVITY Reactions in penicillin

Answer 8

Type 1, 3 and 4

Type 1 -within 20 min- Immediate reaction-
Anaphylactic, Bronchial allergy, angioedema
Type 3_ 1-72 hours- accelerated reaction -
Urticaria and rash, fever, hypotension, laryngospasm
Type 4- After 3 days- Delayed reaction
Serum sickness , nephritis

Question 9

mostly penicillin allergies are due to ?

Answer 9

side chain

Question 10

penicillin allergy with anaphylactic reaction,

Answer 10

should avoid cephalosporins as well.

Question 11

Amoxicillin side chain identical to

Answer 11

1st gen cephalosporins CefaDROXIL and CefPROZIL

sounds like rhyming words: DROXIL, PROZIL AMOOOXXXICILIN

Question 12

Ampicillin side chain identical to

Answer 12

cephaLEXin and CefaCLOR

Question 13

Aztreonam side chain is identical to .

Answer 13

ceftazidime

Question 14

Carbapenems and penicillin

Answer 14

do not share common side effects. But share common beta lactam ring.

Question 15

Tetracyclines are not effective against

Answer 15

Gram -ve cocci

eg:Moraxella catarrhalis,(macrolides)
Neisseria gonorrhoeae( macrolides, imipenem, cephalosporin, penicillin G)
Neisseria meningitidis(imipenem, cephalosporin, penicillin G.

Question 16

macrolides are not effective against

Answer 16

Anaerobic organisms

eg: Clostridium perfringens ( Penicillin G, tetracycline, linezolid)
Clostridium species (imipenem, Vancomycin, tetracycline)
Peptococcus species (imipenem)
Peptostreptococcus  species(imipenem)
Propionibacterium species(imipenem)
Bacteroides species(imipenem)
Fusobacterium species(imipenem)

Cefoxitin and cefotetan have anaerobic coverage