Endocrine Flashcards
Endocrine System are also known as
Ductless Glands
the master endocrine gland
Pituitary Gland
Pituitary Gland present?
under hypothalamus (location: base of the brain.)
Major endocrine glands (6)
Pituitary Gland Thyroid Gland Pancreas Gland (endocrine and exocrine) Adrenal Gland Testes Ovaries
Other endocrine glands
Parathyroid Gland (neck) Thymus Gland (chest) Pineal Gland (brain).
Pituitary Gland is controlled by?
Hypothalamus.
The five different types of CELLS of the anterior pituitary
somatotrophs(GH) thyrotrophs (TSH) gonadotrophs(FSH & LH) -FSH:ESTROGEN Lactotrophs (Prolactin) corticotrophs (ACTH)
Posterior Pituitary
not synthesize hormones, BUT store and release two hormones(oxytocin and ADH/vasopressin). Production in the hypothalamus and are packed into vesicles and transported to the posterior pituitary gland
oxytocin action
During and after delivery of a baby, oxytocin has two target tissues: the mother’s uterus and breasts.
hormone secreted by the pineal gland is
melatonin.
melatonin is
body’s “time clock”.
Which gland secretes calcitonin
Thyroid( by parafollicular cells (C-cells.)
Increase PTH causes increase in _____ in blood and ____ in phosphate in blood
Calcium increase and decrease in phoshate
hypocalcemia stimulate release of
hypercalcemia stimulate release of
PTH—–Bone resorption
Calcitonin
Pancreas cells
beta, alpha, delta, F
Effect of Somatostatin in growth hormone
Somatostatin is antagonist of growth hormone and thus opposes growth hormone (GHIH)
Adrenal cortex layers
outer: Zona glomerulosa–Aldosterone
middle: Z. fasciculata–Cortisol
inner: Z. reticularis–Androgens
Prepares for pregnancy and produce
Progesterone (Ovaries get stimulated by LH which is secretes from anterior pituitary)
Thyroxin or Levothyroxine Naturally occurs in_____isomer
levo (L)
Metabolically active form or active thyroid hormone
T3
The iodide pump (trap) is present in
thyroid follicular epithelial cells
Levothyroxine T4 Converts in the liver and other organs to Triiodothyronin T3 by what mechanism?
deiodination (deiodinase)—1 iodine is removed
Thyroid Hormones affects the secretion of other hormones
Insulin, NE, Epi, cortisol, estrogen and testosterones.
Epinephrine is released from
Adrenal Medulla
Aldosterone is released from
Adrenal cortex
Weight loss in spite of increased appetite is a symptom of______thyroidism
Hyper
Tachycardia (Palpitation) is a symptom of______thyroidism
Hyper
Diarrhea is a symptom of Hyperthyroidism
Constipation is a symptom of Hyperthyroidism
Tremor and muscle weakness is a symptom of Hyperthyroidism
Slow return of deep tendon reflexes is a symptom of Hypothyroidism
hEat intolerance and excessively sweating is a symptom of HypErthyroidism
cOld intolerance is a symptom of HypOthyroidism
Impaired memOry is a symptom of______thyroidism
HypO
Hypertension, bradycardia is a symptom of______thyroidism
Hypo