Drug metabolism

Question 1

BIoactivation of Valacyclovir –>

Answer 1

Valacyclovir to acyclovir by Hydrolysis then acyclovir monophosphate by viral thymidine kinase then to acyclovir triphosphate

Question 2

Acetaminophen: benzoquinoneimine relation

Answer 2

Toxic metabolite

Question 3

Cyclophosphamide (CP) and ifosfamide (IF) are widely used antineoplastic agents, but their side-effect of hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) is still encountered as an important problem. ________ is the main molecule that binds with bladder mucus and responsible of this side-effect and ______ is the commonly used preventive agent

Answer 3

Acrolein

mesna (2-mercaptoethane sulfonate)

Question 4

Active metabolite of spironolactone

Answer 4

Canrenone

Question 5

How does methanol causes histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 5

Metabolism of methanol, give rise to formic acid. This acid is an inhibitor of the mitochondrial cytochrome OXIDASE causing histotoxic hypoxia

Question 6

methanol TOXICITY ANTIDOT

Answer 6

Ethanol and fomepizole can be administered to delay methanol metabolism

Question 7

Ethylene glycol toxicity: mechanism.

Answer 7

oxalic acid formation

ANtidot: Ethanol and fomepizole

Question 8

The primary location for drug metabolizing enzymes

Answer 8

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 9

UDPGT catalyze

Answer 9

glucuronidation

Question 10

UDPGT present in

Answer 10

Mitochondria & Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 11

Many water-soluble enzymes presnt in

Answer 11

Cytosol

Question 12

alcohol dehydrogenase present in

Answer 12

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 13

aldehyde dehydrogenase present in

Answer 13

Mitochondria

Question 14

MAOi presnt in

Answer 14

Mitochondria

Question 15

GSH present in

Answer 15

Endoplasmic reticulum

Question 16

Non microsomal enzyme participating in Phase I reaction

Answer 16

reductase, aminase and monoamine oxidase (MAO), alcohol dehydrogenase

Question 17

What are Conjugation reactions

Answer 17

Glucuronidation, 
glutathione conjugation, 
sulfonation, 
acetylation, 
glycine conjugation
 methylation

Question 18

Bacteria resident in the GI tract are known to be involved in what type of reduction

Answer 18

azo and nitro reductions

Question 19

Phase I reaction in sulfasalazine and olsalazine

Answer 19

azoreduction

Question 20

5-aminosalicylic acid (5ASA) and sulfpyridine is the product of

Answer 20

reduction sulfasalazine

Question 21

General term of enzyme used in conjugation reactions that transfers a high-energy molecule called the cofactor or cosubstrate to the xenobiotic

Answer 21

transferase

Question 22

Glutathione is tripeptide . what are the peptides?

Answer 22

glycine-cysteine-glutamate

Question 23

Esters (hydrolysis) produce →

Answer 23

acid + alcohol.

Question 24

Acyclovir -→ Acyclovir Monophosphate. enzyme involved is

Answer 24

viral thymidine kinase

Question 25

Amide hydrolysis products -→

Answer 25

acid + amine.

Question 26

Acetanilide hydroxylation →

Answer 26

acetaminophen.

Question 27

Acetamininophen → N-Benzylquinoneimine

Answer 27

Glutathione conjugation

N-Benzylquinoneimine ——————— → Mercaptopurine

Question 28

vitamin C deficiency Decreases ______ pathways

Answer 28

oxidative

Question 29

Vitamin E deficiency retards ____________

Answer 29

dealkylation and hydroxylation.

Question 30

Low protein diet decreases _______ drug metabolism

Answer 30

oxidative