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USMLE > Pharm9 - Pharm9 > Flashcards

Pharm9 - Pharm9 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

which receptors are associaed with Gq

A

HAVe 1 M&M H1 alpha 1 V1 M1, M3

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2
Q

which receptors are associated with Gi

A

MAD 2’s M2 alpha 2 D2

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3
Q

which receptors are associated with Gs

A

B1, B2, D1, H2, V2

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4
Q

major fxns of M2

A

decreases HR

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5
Q

major fxns of M3

A

increase exocrine gland secretion

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6
Q

major fxns of D1

A

relaxes vascular smooth muscle

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7
Q

major fxns of D2

A

modulates transmimtter release in brain

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8
Q

major fxns of H1

A

ubcreases basak abd bronchial mucus production, contraction of bronchioles, pruritis, pain

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9
Q

major fxns of H2

A

increase gastric acid secretion

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10
Q

major fxn of V1

A

constricts vascular smooth muscle

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11
Q

major fxn of V2

A

increas water permeability and reabsorption in CT of kidney

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12
Q

MOA hemicholinium

A

blocks the transport of choline into cholinergic neurons, blocking the production of ACh

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13
Q

MOA vesamicol

A

blocks the transporter that brings Acetyl CoA + Choline CHAT into vesicles

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14
Q

MOA botulinum

A

blocks the release of ACh vesicles

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15
Q

MOA metyrosine

A

blocks conversion of tyrosine into DA

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16
Q

MOA reserpine

A

blocks DA transporter into vesicles that form NE

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17
Q

MOA guanethidine

A

inhiits release of NorE from noraderenergic neurons

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18
Q

MOA amphetamine

A

increase release of NorE from vesicles

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19
Q

MOA pralodoxime

A

reactivates AChE after it’s been inhibited by pesticides

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20
Q

treatment for salicylate OD

A

alkalinize urine dialysis

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21
Q

treatment of antimuscarinics OD

A

physostigmine salicyate

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22
Q

treatment of b-blocker od

A

glucagon

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23
Q

tx of digitalis od

A

stop dig normalize K \lidocaine anti-dig Fab fragments Mg

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24
Q

tx iron toxicity

A

deferoxamine (chelating agent)

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25
Q

tx fo lead poisoning

A

EDTA dimercaprol succimer penicillamine

26
Q

tx of arsenic toxicity

A

dimercaprol succimer

27
Q

tx hg toxicity

A

dimercaprol succimer

28
Q

tx au toxicity

A

dimercaproli succimer penicillamine

29
Q

tx cu toxicity

A

penicillamine

30
Q

tx cn toxicyt

A

nitrite hydroxocobalamin thiosulfate

31
Q

tx methemoglobin toxicity

A

methylene blue

32
Q

tx CO toxcity

A

100% o2, hyperbaric pressure

33
Q

tx of methanol od

A

ethanol dialysis fomepizole

34
Q

tx of ethylene glycol od

A

etoh dialysis foempizole

35
Q

tx of opiod toxicity

A

nalaxone naltrexone

36
Q

tx of benzo od

A

flumazenil

37
Q

tx of ca od

A

NaHCO3

38
Q

tx of heparin toxicity

A

protamine sulfate

39
Q

tx of warfarin toxicity

A

vitamin k ffp

40
Q

x tpa toxicity

A

aminocaproic acid

41
Q

tx streptokinase toxicity

A

aminocaproic acid

42
Q

sx of iron od

A

fever sweating abdominal pains diarrhea cyanosis weakness

43
Q

examples of insulin drugs (and give duration of action)

A

lispro (short) insulin (short) NPH (intermediate) lente and ultralente (long acting)

44
Q

clinical uses of insulin analogs

A

DM I life-threatening hyperkalemia (insulin increases K entry into cells) stress induced hyperglycemia

45
Q

examples of 1st generation sulfonylureas

A

tolbutaminde chlorpropamide

46
Q

examples of 2nd generation sulfonylureas

A

glyburide glimepiride glipizide

47
Q

MOA sulfonylureas

A

when glucose enters the cell, the ATP level rises high ATP:ADP closes K channel this causes Ca influx –> insulin release these drugs enoucrage this process by closing k channels (basically stimulates the release of endogenous insulin)

48
Q

uses of sulfonylureas

A

DM II reqires some islet cell fxn, so useless in DM I

49
Q

toxicity associated with sulfonylureas (1st gen)

A

diulfuram effects

50
Q

toxicity associated with 2nd generation sulfonylureas

A

hypoglycemia

51
Q

examples of biguanides

A

metformin

52
Q

MOA metformin

A

unknown, but might decrease gluconeogenesis, increase glycolysis and decrease serum glucose levels

53
Q

clinical use of metformin

A

can be used in pts without islet cell fxn

54
Q

adverse effects of metformin

A

lactic acidosis

55
Q

MOA glitazones

A

incresaes target cell response to insulin

56
Q

clinical use for glitazones

A

DM II

57
Q

toxicity associated with glitazones

A

weight gain edema hepatotoxicity

58
Q

examples of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

acarbose miglitol

59
Q

MOA alpha-glucosidase inhibitors

A

inhibits intestinal brush border alpha-glucosidases delays sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption decreased post-prandial hyperglycemia

60
Q

clinical use of alpha glucosidase inhibitors

A

DM II

USMLE (16 decks)

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