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Pharm3 - Pharm3 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the symptoms of organophosphate poisoning

A

DUMBBELSS Diarrhea Urination Miosis Bradycardia Bronchospasm Excitation of skel muscle Lacrimation Sweating Salivation

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2
Q

antidote to organophosphate poisoning

A

atropine + pralidoxime

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3
Q

what is pralidoxime

A

antagonist used to regenerate active cholinesterase

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4
Q

MOA of epi in tx of glaucoma

A

increases outflow of aqueous humor

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5
Q

MOA brimonidine in tx of glaucoma

A

(alpha agonist) decreases aqueous humor synth

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6
Q

MOA beta blockers in tx of glaucoma

A

decreases aqueous humor secretion

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7
Q

MOA acetazolamide in tx of glaucoma

A

decreas aqueous humor secretion d/t decreaed HCO3

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8
Q

MAO cholinomimetics in tx of glaucoma

A

increased outflow of aqueous humor

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9
Q

which drug should be used in a glaucoma emergency

A

pilocarpine (direct ACh mimetic)

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10
Q

MOA latanoprost in tx of glaucoma

A

PGF-alpha, increases outflow of aqueous humor

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11
Q

which glaucoma drugs decrease the synth of aqueous humor?

A

beta-blockers brimonidine acetazolamide

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12
Q

which glaucoma drugs increase outflow of aqueous humor?

A

epi cholinomimetics PGF2alpa (latanoprost)

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13
Q

MOA atropine

A

muscarinic antagonist

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14
Q

toxicity of atropine

A

dry as a bone hot as a hare mad as a hatter red as a beet blind as a bat

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15
Q

Effects Nitrates have on: EDV BP Contractility HR Ejection time MV O2

A

down down up (reflex) up (reflex) down down

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16
Q

Effects B-blockers have on: EDV BP Contractility HR Ejection time MV O2

A

up down down down up down

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17
Q

effects b-blockers + nitrates have on: EDV BP Contractility HR Ejection time MV O2

A

no effect, or down down little, no effect down little/no effect down a lot!

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18
Q

MOA CCBs

A

block voltage dependent ca channels of cardiac and smooth muscle, reducing muscle contractility

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19
Q

In decreasing effect, which CCBs have most effect on vascular smooth muscle?

A

nifedipine > diltiazem > verapemil

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20
Q

in decreasign effeect, which CCBs have most effect on heart?

A

verapamil > diltiazem > nifedipine

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21
Q

which CCB can’t be used for arrhythmias?

A

nifedipine

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22
Q

toxicity of CCBs

A

cardiac depression flushing peripheral edema dizziness constipation

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23
Q

which CCB is most similar to nitrates in effect?

A

nifedipine (makes sense… nifedipine works most strongly on vascular smooth muscle)

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24
Q

which CCB is most similar to b-blockers in effect?

A

verapamil (makes sense… verapamil works most strongly on heart)

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25
MOA statins?
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors blocks formation of cholesterol from HMG-CoA
26
MOA niacin
blocks the export of cholesterol from the hepatocyte to the blood
27
MOA bile resins
binds cholesterol in the gut so they can't get to the hepatocytes
28
MOA ezetimibe
cholesterol absorption blocker so, prevents cholesterol from entering hepatocytes from gut
29
MOA fibrates
increases action of lipoprotein lipase, encouraging the breakdown of VLDL --> LDL also decreases hepatic synthesis and secretion of VLDL increases HDL by decreasing TG (results from decreased VLDL) --> decresaed exchange of cholestreryl esters from HDL
30
which cholesterol agents affect endogenous production of cholesterol?
fibrates niacin lovastatin
31
which cholesterol agents affect absorption of exogenous cholesterol
ezetimibe bise acid resins
32
effects of statins on: LDL HDL TGs
down A LOT up down
33
effects of niacin on LDL HDL TGs
down a lot (not as much as statins) up A LOT down
34
effects of bile acid resins on LDL HDL TGs
down a lot (not as much as statins) none slightly UP
35
effects of ezetimibe on LDL HDL TGs
down a lot (not as much as statins) none none
36
effects of fibrates on: LDL HDL TGs
down a little up DOWN A FRIGGIN TON!
37
what 2 cholesterol drugs, if taken concurrently, will cause rhabdomyolysis
statins and fibrates
38
which cholesterol drugs increase LFTs?
your lft's are not SEF (safe) statins ezetimibe fibrates
39
which cholesterol drug --> GI discomfort
bile acid resins
40
antidote to dig toxicity
anti-dig Fab fragment s slowly normalize K lidocaine cardiac pacer
41
MOA of class I anti-arrhythmics class II? class III? class Iv?
Na channel blockers B-blockers K channel blockers CCBs
42
which drugs are in class Ia anti-arrythmics?
Quinidine Amiodarone Procainamide Disopyramide
43
which drugs are in the class Ib anti-arrhythmics?
I Be with my Lid To Mex(ico) lidocaine tocainide mexiletine
44
which drugs are in the class Ic anti-arrythmics?
See (C)! And Can't (EnCain) We FLEe if we PROP up PHENOMS? encainide flecainide propafenone
45
MOA class IA anti-arrhythmics?
increased AP duration increased ERP increased QT interval
46
uses for class IA anti-arrhythmics
atrial and ventricular arrhythmias (esp reentrant and ectopic) SVT and VT
47
MOA for class IB anti-arrhythmics
decreases AP duration
48
use for class IB anti-arrhythmics
acute ventricular arrhythmias, esp post MI
49
MOA for class IC anti-arrhythmics
no effect on AP
50
uses for class IC anti-arrhythmics
VT --> FV inretractable SVT LAST resort
51
toxicity of quinidine
cinchonism (HA, tinnitus, thrombocytopenia, torsades de pointes from increased QT interval)
52
toxiciyt of procainamide
SLE-like syndrome (reversible)
53
toxicity of IB anti-arrhythmics?
local anesthetic CNS stimulation/depression CV depression
54
toxicity of IC anti-arrhythmics
pro-arrhythmic (esp post-MI) prolongs refractory period
55
receptor selectivity for epi?
all are equal
56
receptor selectivity for NorE
a1 = a2 > b1
57
receptor selectivity for isoproteronol
B1=b2
58
receptor selectivity for DA
d1 = d2 > B > a
59
receptor selectivity for dobutamine
b1 > b2
60
receptor selectivity for phenylephrine
a1 > a2
61
receptor selectivity for albuterol
b2 > b1
62
receptor selectivity for terbutaline
b2 > b1

USMLE (16 decks)

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