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USMLE > Pharm10 - Pharm10 > Flashcards

Pharm10 - Pharm10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

MOA orlistat

A

inhibits pancreatic lipase

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2
Q

clinical use of orlistat

A

obesity management

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3
Q

toxcicity of orlistat

A

gi discomfort steatorrhea reduced absorption of fat soluble vitamins ha

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4
Q

MOA sibutramine

A

sympathommimetic 5HT and NorE reuptake inhibitor

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5
Q

uses of sibutramine

A

short term and long term obesity management

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6
Q

toxicity of sibutramine

A

htn tachycardia

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7
Q

uses of GH

A

GH deficiency turner’s syndrome

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8
Q

uses of somatostatin

A

acromegaly carcinoid gastrinoma glucagonoma

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9
Q

uses of octeroitide

A

(aka somatostatin) acromegaly carcinoid gastrinoma glucagonoma

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10
Q

uses of adh

A

pituitary DI

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11
Q

MOA propylthiouracil

A

inhibits organification and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis decreased peripheral conversion of T4 –> T3

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12
Q

Which drugs block peptidoglycan cross-linking

A

Cephalosporin -cillins -nam/-nem

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13
Q

which drugs block peptidoglycan synthesis?

A

bacitracin vancomycin cycloserine

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14
Q

which drugs block bacterial/fungal cell wall synth

A

polymyxins

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15
Q

which drugs disrupt fungal cell membranes

A

amphotericin b nystatin -azoles

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16
Q

which drugs block NT synth

A

‘Try my cell phone - I blocked the New Cleo’ Sulfonamides trimethoprim

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17
Q

which drugs block DNA synth

A

‘TOPless DANcing Queen’ (insert abba song here… :) Topoisomerase Quinolones

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18
Q

which drugs block mRNA synth

A

rifampin

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19
Q

Which drugs block protein synth at the 50S subunit?

A

-mycins linezolid -gramins macrolides chloramphenicol

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20
Q

which drugs block protein synth at the 30S subunit

A

Aminoglycosides tetracyclines

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21
Q

MOA penicillin

A

it binds to penicillin binding proteins blocks the cross-linking of peptidoglycan activates autolytic enzymes

22
Q

uses for penicillin

A

gram + cocci and rods GNR spirochetes

23
Q

which penicillins are the penicillinase resistant?

A

Nafcillin dicloxacillin methicillin

24
Q

clinical uses for penicillinase resistant penicillins?

A

S. aureus (except for MRSA)

25
Q

why are penicillinase resistant penicillins resistant to penicillinase

A

bulikier R group

26
Q

how is MRSA resistant to methicillin

A

altered penicillin binding protein target site

27
Q

adverse reaction to methicillin

A

interstitial nephritis

28
Q

examples of aminopenicillins

A

ampicillin amoxicillin

29
Q

what is clavulanic acid

A

penicillinase inhibitor

30
Q

clinical uses for aminopenicillins

A

‘ampicillin/amoxicillin HELPS kill enterococci’ H. influenza e. coli Listeria monocytogenes Proteus mirabilis Salmonella Enterococci

31
Q

anti-pseudomonal drugs

A

‘Take Piper in the Car, Sue’ ticarcillin piperacillin carbenicillin

32
Q

MOA cephalosporins

A

same as penicillins, less susceptible to penicillinases

33
Q

uses for 1st generation cephalosporins

A

PEcK Proteus E coli Klebsiella

34
Q

uses for 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

HEN PEcKS H. flu Enterobacter Neisseria Proteus E. coli Klebsiella Serratia

35
Q

examples of 1st generation cephalosporins

A

‘You FAILed the FIRST PHASE’ cefazolin cephalexin

36
Q

examples of 2nd generation cephalosporins

A

‘Wait a SECOND! You SEE, FOX FUR is a FACt’ cefoxitin cefuroxime cefaclor

37
Q

3rd generation cephalosporins

A

‘If you are THIRsty, try a FOTO TAZER’ Cefotaxime Ceftazidime ceftriaxone

38
Q

clinical uses of aztreonam

A

klebsiella pseudomonas serratia (GNR only, nothing against gm + or anaerobes)

39
Q

who is given aztreonam

A

penicillin allergic pts pts w renal insuff that can’t tolerate aminoglycosides

40
Q

what is cilastatin?

A

inhibits renal dihydropeptidase I always administered with imipenem

41
Q

clinical uses for imipenem/meropenem?

A

gram + cocci GNR anaerobes

42
Q

toxicity of imipenem, meropenem

A

gi distress rash seizures (all occcur at high plasma levels)

43
Q

MOA aminoglycosides ‘cidal/static?

A

inhibits formation of initiation complex –> misreads mRNA requires O2 for uptake, so won’t work against anaerobes ‘cidal

44
Q

which drugs are aminoglycosides?

A

‘Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes’ Gentamicin Neomycin Amikacin Tobramycin Streptomycin

45
Q

toxicity of aminoglycosides

A

‘Mean GNATS canNOT kill anaerobes’ Nephrotoxicity (esp if used with cephalosporin) Ototoxicity (esp w/ loop diuretic) Teratogen

46
Q

Uses for tetracyclines

A

VACUUM THe BedRoom Tunight V. cholera Acne Chlamydia Ureaplasma Urealyticum Mycoplasma pneumoniae Tularemia H. Pylori Borrelia Burgodorferi Rickettsia

47
Q

MOA tetracyclines ‘cidal/static?

A

binds 30S and prevents attachment of aminoacyl RNA static

48
Q

foods to avoid when takin tetracyclines

A

don’t take with milk, iron, or antacids b/c it will inhibit absorption in gut

49
Q

which tetracycline is fecally eliminated?

A

doxycycline (can be used in renal failure)

50
Q

toxicity of tetracyclines

A

photosensitivity gi discomfort discoloration of teeth inhibits bone growth in kids

51
Q

contraindications of tetracyclines

A

pregnancy

52
Q

what drug can act as a diuretic in SIADH

A

demeclocycline (ADH antagonist)

USMLE (16 decks)

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