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USMLE > Pharm4 - Pharm4 > Flashcards

Pharm4 - Pharm4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

MOA amphetamine

A

indirect general sympathetic agonist releases stored catecholamines

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2
Q

MOA epehderine

A

indirect and direct sympathomimetic stimulates release of NE from sympathetic neurons

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3
Q

MOA cocaine

A

blocks reuptake of NorE and DA

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4
Q

MOA clonidine

A

centrally acting alpha agonist decreased central adregnergic outflow

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5
Q

uses for epi

A

anaphylaxis glaucoma asthma hypotension

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6
Q

uses for norE

A

hypotension (but decreases renal perfusion)

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7
Q

uses for isoproterenol

A

rare… AV block

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8
Q

uses for DA

A

shock (increases renal perfusion) heart failure

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9
Q

uses for dobutamine

A

shock heart failure cardiac stress testing

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10
Q

uses for amphetamines

A

narcolepsy obesity ADD

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11
Q

uses for ephedrine

A

nasal decongestion urinary incontinence hypotension

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12
Q

uses for phenylephrine

A

pupil dilator vasoconstriction nasal decongestion

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13
Q

uses for albuterol

A

asthma

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14
Q

uses for terbutaline

A

asthma

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15
Q

uses for cocaine

A

vasoconstriction local anesthetic

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16
Q

uses for clonidine

A

HTN (esp with renal dz b/c it doesn’t decrease blood flow to kidney)

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17
Q

examples of inhaled anesthetics

A

halothane enflurane isoflurane (-ane)

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18
Q

MOA inhaled anesthetics

A

unknown

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19
Q

effects of inhaled anesthetics

A

myocardial depression respiratory depression n/v increased cerebral blood flow decreased cerebral demand

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20
Q

toxicity of halothane

A

hepatotoxicity

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21
Q

toxicity of methoxyflurane

A

nephrotoxicity

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22
Q

toxicity of enflurane

A

pro-convulsant

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23
Q

toxicity of any inhaled anesthetic

A

malignant hyperthermia (rare)

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24
Q

types of drugs used as IV anesthetics

A

BB King on optiates proposes foolishly Barbiturates benzos Ketamine (arylclohxamines) opiates Propofol

25
Q

which barbiturate is commonly used as an IV anesthetic?

A

thiopental

26
Q

uses of thiopental

A

induction of anesthesia short surgical procedures

27
Q

which is the most common anesthetic used for endoscopy? what is it administered with?

A

midazolam gaseous anesthetics and narcotics

28
Q

side effects of midazolam

A

post-op respiratory depression hypotension amnesia

29
Q

how is the respiratory depression from midazolam treated?

A

flumezanil

30
Q

side effects of arylcyclohexamines

A

bad dreams CV stimulation disorientation hallucinations increased cerebral blood flow

31
Q

benefit of propofol

A

less post-op nausea than thiopental

32
Q

what is combined with opiates during general anesthesia?

A

other CNS depressants

33
Q

MOA local anesthetics

A

block Na channels by binding to specific receptors in inner portion of channel

34
Q

examples of atypical antipsychotics

A

olanzapine clozapine risperidone

35
Q

examples of typical antipsychotics

A

thioridazine haloperidol fluphenazine chlorpromazine

36
Q

MOA typical antipsychotics

A

block D2 receptor

37
Q

MOA atypical antipsychotics

A

blocks dopamine and 5HT receptors

38
Q

clinical uses of typical antipsychotics

A

schizophrenia psychosis acute mania Tourette’s

39
Q

clinical uses for atypical antipsychotics

A

schizophrenia (+ and - sx)

40
Q

clinical uses for olanzapine

A

OCD anxiety d/o depression mania Tourette

41
Q

toxicity associated with typical antipsychotics

A

EPS endocrine effects anti-muscarinic effects (dry mouth) hypotension (from blocking alpha receptors), sedation (from blocking histamine receptors) NMS tardive dyskinesia

42
Q

what is tardive dyskinesia

A

stereotypical oral-facial movements d/t blocking DA receptors

43
Q

what is NMS

A

rigidity myoglobinuria autonomic instability hyperpyrexia

44
Q

tx of NMS

A

dantrolene and DA agonists

45
Q

toxicity associated wiht atypical antipsychotics

A

less EPS and anti-cholinergic effects Clozapine –> agranulocytosis

46
Q

uses for lithium

A

bipolar blocks relapse and acute manic events

47
Q

toxicity of lithium

A

LMNOP movement (tremor) nephrogenic DI hypOthyroidism Pregnancy problems

48
Q

MOA buspirone

A

stimulates 5HT1a receptors

49
Q

uses of buspirone

A

anxiolysis for GAD

50
Q

benefits of buspirone

A

doesnt cause sedation or addiction doens’t interfere with alcohol

51
Q

examples of ssri’s

A

fluoxetine sertraline paroxetine citalopram

52
Q

clincical uses for ssri

A

OCD endogenous depression eating d/o

53
Q

examples of tricyclic antidepressants

A

imipramine amitriptyline desipramine nortiptyline clomipramine doxepin

54
Q

MOA TCA

A

blocks reuptake of NorE and 5HT

55
Q

uses for TCAs

A

major depression bedwetting (imipramine) OCD (clomipramine)

56
Q

which TCA is used for bedwetting

A

imipramine

57
Q

which TCA is used for OCD

A

clomipramine

58
Q

examples of heterocyclic anti-depressants

A

you need BUtane in your VEINs to MURder for a MAP of alcaTRAZ buproprion venlafaxine mirtazapine maportiline trazodone

59
Q

examples of MAOIs

A

phenelzine tranylcypromine

USMLE (16 decks)

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