Pharm2 - Pharm2 Flashcards
MOA phenytoin
Increases Na channel inactivation
MOA carbamazepine
Increases Na channel inactivation
MOA lamotrigine
blocks voltage gated Na channels
MOA gabapentin
increases GABA release
MOA topiramate
Blocks Na channels, increases GABA release
MOA phenobarbital
increases GABA
MOA valproic acid
increases GABA, blocks Na channels
MOA ethosuxamide
blocks ca channels in thalamus
MOA benzos
increases GABA
uses for phenytoin
everything but absence seizures. status epilepticus prophylaxis
usees for lamotrigine
everything but absence and status
uses for carbamazepine
everything but absence and status
uses for gabapentin
all seizures except absence and status peripheral neuropathy
uses for topirimate
everything but absence and status
uses for phenobarbital
everything but absence and status
uses for valproic acid
everything but status
uses for ethosuxamide
absence
uses for benzos in epilepsy
acute status
which anti-epileptic drugs are 1st line in pregnancy and children
phenobarbital
which epi drug is 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia
carbamazepine
which drug is used to treat peripheral neuropathy
gabapentin
which drug is used to treat myoclonic seizures
valproic acid
which drug is used to treat seizures in eclampsia
MgSO4 (1st line) benzos
which epileptic drug –> sedation, tolerance, and dependence?
benzos
which epileptic drug –> aplastic anemia, liver toxicity, and teratogenesis?
carbamazepine
which epileptic drug –> diplopia, ataxia?
carbamazepine phenytoin
which epileptic drug –> GI distress, lethargy, headache?
ethosuxamide
which epileptic drugs –> stevens johnson syndrome
ethosuxamide lamotragine
which epileptic drug –> nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism?
phenytoin
which epileptic drug –> SLE like sydnrome
phenytoin
which epi drug –> spina bifida and other NTDs
valproic acid
which epi drug –> kidney stones
topiramate
which epilepsy drug –> malignant hyperthermia?
phenytoin
how do you treat OD of barbiturates?
symptom management
how do you treat OD of benzos?
flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA receptor)
other than for epilepsy, what can phenytoin be used for?
anti-arrhythmic
which is more dangerous in overdose: benzos or barbiturates?
barbiturates (longer t1/2 and more respiratory/cv depression)
MOA l-dopa
l dopa crosses bbb (dopamine doesn’t) so it is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase in CNS
carbidopa
peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in order to increase bioavailability in brain and decrease peripheral side effects (since the conversion to dopamine won’t occur peripherally)
toxicity of l-dopa?
arrhythmias from peripheral conversion of DA dyskinesia following lt admin akinesia between doses
MOA selegiline
selectively inhibits MAO-B, increasing availability of DA
use of selegiline
adjunctive to l-dopa in parkinsons
toxicityy of selegeliene
enhances l-dopa toxicity
MOA sumatriptan
5-HT1D agonist –> vasoconstriction
use of sumatriptan
acute migraine cluster headache attacks
what type of drug is bethanechol?
direct cholinergic agonist
what type of drug is carbechol
direct cholinergic agonist
what type of drug is pilocarpine
direct cholinergic agonist
what type of drug is methacholine
direct cholinergic agonist
what is the difference between direct cholinergic agonsts and indirect?
direct directly stimulate cholinergic receptors and indirect inhibit their breakdown via AChE
uses of bethanechol
activates bladder and bowel smooth muscle (used post-op for ileus and urinary retention)
uses of carbechol
glaucoma pupillary contraction release of intraocular pressure
uses of pilocarpine
potent stimulator for saliva, sweat, and tears
uses of methacholine
challenge test for asthma dx
action of methacholine
stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway
class: neostigmine
indirect cholinomimetic
class pyrodostigmine
indirect cholinomimetic
class: edrophonium
indirect cholinomimetic
class: physostigmine
indirect cholinomimetic
class: echothiophate
indirect cholinomimetic
uses for neostigmine
post-op and neurogenic ileus and uriNAry retention MG reversal of NM junction blockade
uses for pyridostigmine
MG
uses for edrophonium
to dx MG
uses for physostigmine
glaucoma and atropine OD
uses for echothiophate
glaucoma
which indirect ACh agonist penetrates CNS
physostigmine
