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USMLE > Pharm2 - Pharm2 > Flashcards

Pharm2 - Pharm2 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

MOA phenytoin

A

Increases Na channel inactivation

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2
Q

MOA carbamazepine

A

Increases Na channel inactivation

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3
Q

MOA lamotrigine

A

blocks voltage gated Na channels

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4
Q

MOA gabapentin

A

increases GABA release

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5
Q

MOA topiramate

A

Blocks Na channels, increases GABA release

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6
Q

MOA phenobarbital

A

increases GABA

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7
Q

MOA valproic acid

A

increases GABA, blocks Na channels

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8
Q

MOA ethosuxamide

A

blocks ca channels in thalamus

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9
Q

MOA benzos

A

increases GABA

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10
Q

uses for phenytoin

A

everything but absence seizures. status epilepticus prophylaxis

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11
Q

usees for lamotrigine

A

everything but absence and status

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12
Q

uses for carbamazepine

A

everything but absence and status

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13
Q

uses for gabapentin

A

all seizures except absence and status peripheral neuropathy

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14
Q

uses for topirimate

A

everything but absence and status

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15
Q

uses for phenobarbital

A

everything but absence and status

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16
Q

uses for valproic acid

A

everything but status

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17
Q

uses for ethosuxamide

A

absence

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18
Q

uses for benzos in epilepsy

A

acute status

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19
Q

which anti-epileptic drugs are 1st line in pregnancy and children

A

phenobarbital

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20
Q

which epi drug is 1st line for trigeminal neuralgia

A

carbamazepine

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21
Q

which drug is used to treat peripheral neuropathy

A

gabapentin

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22
Q

which drug is used to treat myoclonic seizures

A

valproic acid

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23
Q

which drug is used to treat seizures in eclampsia

A

MgSO4 (1st line) benzos

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24
Q

which epileptic drug –> sedation, tolerance, and dependence?

A

benzos

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25
Q

which epileptic drug –> aplastic anemia, liver toxicity, and teratogenesis?

A

carbamazepine

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26
Q

which epileptic drug –> diplopia, ataxia?

A

carbamazepine phenytoin

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27
Q

which epileptic drug –> GI distress, lethargy, headache?

A

ethosuxamide

28
Q

which epileptic drugs –> stevens johnson syndrome

A

ethosuxamide lamotragine

29
Q

which epileptic drug –> nystagmus, gingival hyperplasia, hirsutism?

A

phenytoin

30
Q

which epileptic drug –> SLE like sydnrome

A

phenytoin

31
Q

which epi drug –> spina bifida and other NTDs

A

valproic acid

32
Q

which epi drug –> kidney stones

A

topiramate

33
Q

which epilepsy drug –> malignant hyperthermia?

A

phenytoin

34
Q

how do you treat OD of barbiturates?

A

symptom management

35
Q

how do you treat OD of benzos?

A

flumazenil (competitive antagonist at GABA receptor)

36
Q

other than for epilepsy, what can phenytoin be used for?

A

anti-arrhythmic

37
Q

which is more dangerous in overdose: benzos or barbiturates?

A

barbiturates (longer t1/2 and more respiratory/cv depression)

38
Q

MOA l-dopa

A

l dopa crosses bbb (dopamine doesn’t) so it is converted to dopamine by dopa decarboxylase in CNS

39
Q

carbidopa

A

peripheral decarboxylase inhibitor in order to increase bioavailability in brain and decrease peripheral side effects (since the conversion to dopamine won’t occur peripherally)

40
Q

toxicity of l-dopa?

A

arrhythmias from peripheral conversion of DA dyskinesia following lt admin akinesia between doses

41
Q

MOA selegiline

A

selectively inhibits MAO-B, increasing availability of DA

42
Q

use of selegiline

A

adjunctive to l-dopa in parkinsons

43
Q

toxicityy of selegeliene

A

enhances l-dopa toxicity

44
Q

MOA sumatriptan

A

5-HT1D agonist –> vasoconstriction

45
Q

use of sumatriptan

A

acute migraine cluster headache attacks

46
Q

what type of drug is bethanechol?

A

direct cholinergic agonist

47
Q

what type of drug is carbechol

A

direct cholinergic agonist

48
Q

what type of drug is pilocarpine

A

direct cholinergic agonist

49
Q

what type of drug is methacholine

A

direct cholinergic agonist

50
Q

what is the difference between direct cholinergic agonsts and indirect?

A

direct directly stimulate cholinergic receptors and indirect inhibit their breakdown via AChE

51
Q

uses of bethanechol

A

activates bladder and bowel smooth muscle (used post-op for ileus and urinary retention)

52
Q

uses of carbechol

A

glaucoma pupillary contraction release of intraocular pressure

53
Q

uses of pilocarpine

A

potent stimulator for saliva, sweat, and tears

54
Q

uses of methacholine

A

challenge test for asthma dx

55
Q

action of methacholine

A

stimulates muscarinic receptors in airway

56
Q

class: neostigmine

A

indirect cholinomimetic

57
Q

class pyrodostigmine

A

indirect cholinomimetic

58
Q

class: edrophonium

A

indirect cholinomimetic

59
Q

class: physostigmine

A

indirect cholinomimetic

60
Q

class: echothiophate

A

indirect cholinomimetic

61
Q

uses for neostigmine

A

post-op and neurogenic ileus and uriNAry retention MG reversal of NM junction blockade

62
Q

uses for pyridostigmine

A

MG

63
Q

uses for edrophonium

A

to dx MG

64
Q

uses for physostigmine

A

glaucoma and atropine OD

65
Q

uses for echothiophate

A

glaucoma

66
Q

which indirect ACh agonist penetrates CNS

A

physostigmine

USMLE (16 decks)

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