Pharm11 - Pharm11

Question 1

examples of macrolides

Answer 1

the MACRO WREATH’s CLARity is EZ to see Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin

Question 2

MOA macrolides cidal/static?

Answer 2

blocks protein transloation by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

Question 3

clinical uses for macrolides

Answer 3

URIs pneumonia STDs gm + cocci (for pts allergic to penicillin) Mycoplasma Chlamydia Legionella Neisseria

Question 4

toxicity of macrolides

Answer 4

GI discomfort acute cholestatic hepatitis eosinophilia skin rash increases serum [] theophylline and oral anti-coagulants

Question 5

MOA chloramphenicol cidal/static?

Answer 5

binds 50S, inhibiting peptidyl transferase static

Question 6

clinical uses for chloramphenicol

Answer 6

meningitis

Question 7

toxicities associated with chloramphenicol

Answer 7

anemia aplastic anemia gray baby sndrome

Question 8

what causes gray baby syndrome

Answer 8

premature infants lack UDP gluuronyl transferase

Question 9

MOA clindamycin cidal/static?

Answer 9

blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit static

Question 10

clinical uses for clindamycin

Answer 10

treats anaerobic infections (above the diaphragm)

Question 11

toxicity of clindamycin

Answer 11

c. diff overgrowth fever diarrhea

Question 12

MOA sulfonamides cidal/static?

Answer 12

PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropterate synthase static

Question 13

clinical uses for sulfonamides

Answer 13

gram +/- nocardia chlamydia

Question 14

which sulfonamide can be used to treat simple uti’s

Answer 14

triple sulfa

Question 15

toxicity associated with sulfonamides

Answer 15

hypersensitivity hemolysis with G6PD deficiency tubulointerstitial nephritis kernicterus in infants displaces other drugs from albumin

Question 16

MOA trimethoprim static/cidal?

Answer 16

inhibtits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase static

Question 17

clinical use of trimethoprim

Answer 17

used in combo with sulfamethoxaole treats recurrent uti’s, shigella, salmonella, PCP

Question 18

toxicity of trimethoprim

Answer 18

megaloblastic anemia leukopenia granulocytopenia (TMP = treats marrow poorly)

Question 19

examples of fluorquinolones

Answer 19

___-floxacin (also nalidixic acid which is a quinolone)

Question 20

MOA fluoroquinolones cidal/static?

Answer 20

inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) cidal

Question 21

toxicity associated with fluoroquinolones

Answer 21

gi upset superinfections skin rashes h/a dizziness cartilage damage bone pain tendonitis, tendon rupture (adults) myalgia and leg cramps in kids ‘fluoroquinolones hurt attachments to your bones’

Question 22

contraindications of fluoroquinolones

Answer 22

pregnant women children

Question 23

MOA metronidazole static/cidal?

Answer 23

forms toxic metabolites in bacterial cell cidal

Question 24

clinical uses for metronidazole

Answer 24

anti-protazoal GET GAP on the METRO Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas Gardnerella vaginalis Anaerobes H. PYLORI treats anaerobic infx below the diaphragm (as opposed to clindamycin, which treats them above the diaphragm)

Question 25

toxocitiy of metronidazole

Answer 25

disulfiram like rxns with etoh h/a metallic taste

Question 26

MOA polymyxins

Answer 26

bind to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupt osmotic properties act like detergents

Question 27

clinical uses for polymyxins

Answer 27

resistant gram - infxs

Question 28

toxicity associated with polymxyins

Answer 28

neurotoxicity acute renal tubular necrosis

Question 29

1st line anti-TB drugs

Answer 29

INH-SPIRE streptomycin pyrazinamide isoniazid rifampin ethambutol

Question 30

2nd line anti-tb drug

Answer 30

cycloserine

Question 31

drugs for tb proph

Answer 31

INH alone

Question 32

MOA INH

Answer 32

decreased synth of mycolic acid

Question 33

toxicity of INH

Answer 33

hemolysis in G6PD deficiency neurotoxicity (prevent with B6) hepatotoxicity SLE-like syndrome INH = Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes

Question 34

MOA rifampin

Answer 34

inhibits DN Adependent RNA polymerase (the rif-raf RAN around the block)

Question 35

uses for rifampin

Answer 35

m. tb delays resistance to dapsone when treating leprosy meningococcal proph proph in contacts of children with HiB

Question 36

4Rs of rifampin

Answer 36

RNA polymerase inhibitor Revs up microsomal p450 Red/orange body fluids rapid resistance if used alone

Question 37

meningococcal proph

Answer 37

rifampin (drug of choice) minocycline

Question 38

gonorrhea proph

Answer 38

ceftriaxone

Question 39

proph in a pt with h/o repeated uti's

Answer 39

tmp-smx

Question 40

proph against PCP

Answer 40

tmx-smp (drug of choice) aerosolized pentamide

Question 41

proph against endocarditis with surgical/dental procedures

Answer 41

penicillins