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USMLE > Pharm11 - Pharm11 > Flashcards

Pharm11 - Pharm11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

examples of macrolides

A

the MACRO WREATH’s CLARity is EZ to see Erythromycin Clarithromycin Azithromycin

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2
Q

MOA macrolides cidal/static?

A

blocks protein transloation by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

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3
Q

clinical uses for macrolides

A

URIs pneumonia STDs gm + cocci (for pts allergic to penicillin) Mycoplasma Chlamydia Legionella Neisseria

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4
Q

toxicity of macrolides

A

GI discomfort acute cholestatic hepatitis eosinophilia skin rash increases serum [] theophylline and oral anti-coagulants

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5
Q

MOA chloramphenicol cidal/static?

A

binds 50S, inhibiting peptidyl transferase static

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6
Q

clinical uses for chloramphenicol

A

meningitis

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7
Q

toxicities associated with chloramphenicol

A

anemia aplastic anemia gray baby sndrome

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8
Q

what causes gray baby syndrome

A

premature infants lack UDP gluuronyl transferase

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9
Q

MOA clindamycin cidal/static?

A

blocks peptide bond formation at 50S ribosomal subunit static

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10
Q

clinical uses for clindamycin

A

treats anaerobic infections (above the diaphragm)

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11
Q

toxicity of clindamycin

A

c. diff overgrowth fever diarrhea

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12
Q

MOA sulfonamides cidal/static?

A

PABA antimetabolites inhibit dihydropterate synthase static

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13
Q

clinical uses for sulfonamides

A

gram +/- nocardia chlamydia

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14
Q

which sulfonamide can be used to treat simple uti’s

A

triple sulfa

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15
Q

toxicity associated with sulfonamides

A

hypersensitivity hemolysis with G6PD deficiency tubulointerstitial nephritis kernicterus in infants displaces other drugs from albumin

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16
Q

MOA trimethoprim static/cidal?

A

inhibtits bacterial dihydrofolate reductase static

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17
Q

clinical use of trimethoprim

A

used in combo with sulfamethoxaole treats recurrent uti’s, shigella, salmonella, PCP

18
Q

toxicity of trimethoprim

A

megaloblastic anemia leukopenia granulocytopenia (TMP = treats marrow poorly)

19
Q

examples of fluorquinolones

A

___-floxacin (also nalidixic acid which is a quinolone)

20
Q

MOA fluoroquinolones cidal/static?

A

inhibits topoisomerase II (DNA gyrase) cidal

21
Q

toxicity associated with fluoroquinolones

A

gi upset superinfections skin rashes h/a dizziness cartilage damage bone pain tendonitis, tendon rupture (adults) myalgia and leg cramps in kids ‘fluoroquinolones hurt attachments to your bones’

22
Q

contraindications of fluoroquinolones

A

pregnant women children

23
Q

MOA metronidazole static/cidal?

A

forms toxic metabolites in bacterial cell cidal

24
Q

clinical uses for metronidazole

A

anti-protazoal GET GAP on the METRO Giardia Entamoeba Trichomonas Gardnerella vaginalis Anaerobes H. PYLORI treats anaerobic infx below the diaphragm (as opposed to clindamycin, which treats them above the diaphragm)

25
Q

toxocitiy of metronidazole

A

disulfiram like rxns with etoh h/a metallic taste

26
Q

MOA polymyxins

A

bind to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupt osmotic properties act like detergents

27
Q

clinical uses for polymyxins

A

resistant gram - infxs

28
Q

toxicity associated with polymxyins

A

neurotoxicity acute renal tubular necrosis

29
Q

1st line anti-TB drugs

A

INH-SPIRE streptomycin pyrazinamide isoniazid rifampin ethambutol

30
Q

2nd line anti-tb drug

A

cycloserine

31
Q

drugs for tb proph

A

INH alone

32
Q

MOA INH

A

decreased synth of mycolic acid

33
Q

toxicity of INH

A

hemolysis in G6PD deficiency neurotoxicity (prevent with B6) hepatotoxicity SLE-like syndrome INH = Injures Neurons and Hepatocytes

34
Q

MOA rifampin

A

inhibits DN Adependent RNA polymerase (the rif-raf RAN around the block)

35
Q

uses for rifampin

A

m. tb delays resistance to dapsone when treating leprosy meningococcal proph proph in contacts of children with HiB

36
Q

4Rs of rifampin

A

RNA polymerase inhibitor Revs up microsomal p450 Red/orange body fluids rapid resistance if used alone

37
Q

meningococcal proph

A

rifampin (drug of choice) minocycline

38
Q

gonorrhea proph

A

ceftriaxone

39
Q

proph in a pt with h/o repeated uti’s

A

tmp-smx

40
Q

proph against PCP

A

tmx-smp (drug of choice) aerosolized pentamide

41
Q

proph against endocarditis with surgical/dental procedures

A

penicillins

USMLE (16 decks)

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