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HK Last - Cardio > Pharm > Flashcards

Pharm Flashcards

1
Q

Coumarin combined with what has the potential for severe hemorrhage?

A

drugs that compete for albumin

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2
Q

What is contraindicated in gout patients?

A

Aspirin because it decreases renal secretion of uric acid

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3
Q

Never combine aminoglycosides with what?

A

Loop diuretics and nueromuscular blockers

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4
Q

What protects the cytosol?

A

vitamin C and glutathione

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5
Q

what deficiency can be caused by sulfamethoxazole

A

folate def

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6
Q

antibiotic for acne

adverse effects

A

clindamycin

pseudomembranous colitis

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7
Q

what can cause torsade des pointes

A

risperidone (antipsychotic)

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8
Q

prophylaxis for organ rejection and immunosuppresant

A

cyclosporine

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9
Q

h2 antagonist for reflux and PUD

A

ranitidine/zantac

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10
Q

adverse effects of amantidine

A

used for influenza A prevention or early infection and Parkinsons
- can cause levido reticularis

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11
Q

adverse effect of cipro (fluoroquinolone)

A

tendon rupture

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12
Q

chlamydia abx

A

azithromycin (macrolide) 1 gram orally 1 dose or

doxycycline 100mg orally bid for 7 days

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13
Q

gonorrhea abx

A

Cephtriaxone IM
azithromycin (macrolide) 1 gram orally 1 dose or
doxycycline 100mg orally bid for 7 days

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14
Q

abx for otitis, resp inf, and osteomylitis

A

cephalexin (cephalosporin)

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15
Q

used for vaginal candidiasis, thrush, intestinal candida

A

nistatin

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16
Q

antifungal used for candida

A

flucanazole

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17
Q

copper chelator used for Wilsons disease

A

penicillamine

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18
Q

used for pain of UTI and side effect

A

phenazopyridine

orange urine

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19
Q

what is the safe antifungal

A

nystatin

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20
Q

tx for chronic hep b

A

interferon alpha

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21
Q

interpheron beta used for

A

MS

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22
Q

what anti-arrhythmic causes blue discloration

A

amiodarone

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23
Q

MAOI

A

phenalzine

depression, anxiety

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24
Q

antibiotic and analgesic for UC and chron’s

A

sulfasalazine

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25
Q

ab to prevent TB

A

isoniazid

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26
Q

first line abx for c. diff

A

metronidazole

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27
Q

triamterene

A

potassium sparing diuretic

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28
Q

alpha-1 antagonists

A

doxazosin and terazosin
HTN and BPH
decrease NE

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29
Q

thiazide diuretic is CI in

A

allergies to sulfonamides

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30
Q

what does amlodipine deplete

A

CCB that depletes K

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31
Q

what does verapamil deplete

A

CCb that depletes vit E

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32
Q

Class I antiarrhythmics

BBW

A

Na CH blockers
BBW: DEATH
Lidocaine and Flecainide
*used in hospital

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33
Q

Class II anti-arrhythmics

A

BB

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34
Q

Class III anti-arrhythmics

A

K ch blockers

- amiodarone - 70% have adverse rxn - heat block, etc.

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35
Q

Clas IV anti-arrhythmics

A

CCB
amlodipine
verapamil
diltiazem

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36
Q

Class V antiarrhthmic

A

Digoxin
blurred vision
narrow therapeutic window

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37
Q

Colesevelam

A

bile acid sequestrant

- CI bowel obstruction or TG >500

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38
Q

Ezetimibe

A

cholesterol absorption inhibiotr

- combines ok with other drugs

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39
Q

what does Femfibrozil interact with

A

warfarin and statins: gallstones, liver, enhances anticoagulants, rhabdo

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40
Q

anti-tussives

A

benzonatate
dextromethorphan
codeine
hydrocodone

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41
Q

Promethazine

A

first generation antihistamine used for allergeis/asthma, but it is an antipsychotoic

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42
Q

2nd generation antihistimines that don’t cause drowsiness

A

ceitrizine
fexofenadine
loratatidine - QT prolongation

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43
Q

what is pseudoephedrine CI with

A

MAOI - can cause hypertensive crisis

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44
Q

what is albuterol CI with

A

MAOI, TCA, sympathomimetics

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45
Q

what can montelukast cause

A

churg-strauss syndrome

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46
Q

what drug is used in Addison’s to replace mineralocorticoids

A

Fludrocortisone

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47
Q

oral glucocorticoids

A 
prednisone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone
dexamethasone
hydrocrotisone
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48
Q

oral/inhaled glucocorticoids/nasal sprays

A

fluticasone
mometasone
budesonide
beclomethasone

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49
Q

topical glucocorticoids

A

fluocinoninde
tramcinolone
hydrocortisone
clobetasol propionate

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50
Q

what are the 5 estrogens and uses

A

estrone: osteoporosis, highest postmenopausal, procarinogenic
estradiol: atrophic vagintiiits, BrCA, osteo, AUB, CIE+ tumors
estriol: atrophic vaginitis, protective, highest in preg
conj estrogens: from pregnant mares, atrophic vaginitis, osteo, AUB
ethinyl estradiol: strong, OCP, clot risk

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51
Q

What are the 4 progestins used and uses?

A

progesterone: prevents endometrial hyperplasia, amenorrhea, DUB, insomnia
Levonorgestrel (mirena)
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo)
Norethindrone: OCP

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52
Q

DHEA CI

A

preg
endometriosis
fibroids
breast/uterine ca

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53
Q

when is T indicated

A

hypogonadism or if plasm AM T < 3ng/ml

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54
Q

adverse effects of T

A 
gynecomastia
liver CA
BPH
prostate CA
hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea
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55
Q

aldosterone antagonist

A

spironolactone: decreases T and hirsutism dt PCOS

causes hypokalemia

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56
Q

what can Insulin interact with

A

BB - can mask sx of hypoglycemia

57
Q

types of insulin

A

Lispro: rpaid onset (1hr) short asking
Regular: rapid onset short acting
Glargine: slow onset 12 hour - long acting 24 hr

58
Q

What do you give pt with hypoglycemia

A

glucagon IV, IM, SQ

59
Q

bromocriptine

A

prolactin blocker and Dopamine agonist, GH antagonist

60
Q

Somatotropin

A

GH agonist, dwarfism, HIV cachexia

61
Q

Octreotide

A

inhibits GH, insulin, and glucagon, acromegaly

62
Q

SE Metformin

A

lactic acidosis, diarrhea, B12 def, CI metabolic acidosis, TYpe 1 DM

63
Q

Glyburide uses and SE

A

stimulates insulin release
causes hypoglycemia
CI in DKA and sulfa allergy

64
Q

Thiazolidinedione uses and SE

A

Pioglitazone, newer drug used for insulin sensitization in periphery
BBW: cause or worsen heart failure, CI CHF adn liver dz

65
Q

Dementia drugs

A

cholinesterase inhibitors
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Memantine - blocks NMDA receeptors

66
Q

Gaba analogues for epilepsy

A

Gabapentin and pregabalin

67
Q

Na Ch blockers used in epilepsy and adverse effects

A

Carbamezepine

Phenytoin: gingival hyperplacia, suicide, lots of others

68
Q

Other anti epilpetic drugs with MOA unknown and SE

A

lamotrigine
topiramate
valproate
- sudden death, suicide

69
Q

dopamine precursors used in Parkinsons

A

Levodopa/carbidopa: tolerance over time

70
Q

dopamine agonists used in parkinsons

A
  • bromocriptine - (also used for acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia) causes pulmonary fibrosis
  • pramipexole
71
Q

anticholinergics used in Parkinsons for dyskinesia

A

benztropine
scopolamine
diphenhydramine
amantadine - specifically for levodopa dyskinesia

72
Q

drugs for MS

A

fingolimod - can cause cardiac issues
glatiramer acetate
interferone Beta

73
Q

drugs used for spasticity in MS

A

Tizanidine
baclofen
botulinum toxin

74
Q

sumatriptan is CI with

A

ischemic heart dz history of MI/stroke

75
Q

amides and esters

A

amides: lidocaine and bupivacaine
ester: provaine

76
Q

first generation antihistimines that cause drowsiness

A

diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
promethazine

77
Q

anti-convulsants used to treat mani/biopolar mood stabilizers often given with antidepresssants

A

lamotrigine
valproate
carbamezepine (na ch blocker)

78
Q

atypical antipsychotics

A 
risperidone
aripiprazole
quetiapine
clozapine: BBW severe neutropenia
*BBW  increased mortality in elderly
79
Q

SE aripirazole

A

atypical antipychotic used in bipolar

can cause dysglycemia - caution in DM

80
Q

what is first line for anxiety

A

SSRI

81
Q

SSRIs

A

escitalopram: MDD, GAD
Fluoxetine: 1st line depression and panic do
Paroxetine: MDD, social anxiety, OCD, panic do, GAD

82
Q

non-benzo for anxiety that does not cause dependence or withdrawal sx

A

bispirone

83
Q

Antipsychotics that blocsk D2, H1, some cholinergic

A

Haloperidol: CI severe CNS depression, dementia related psychosis

  • prochlorperazine
  • promethazine
84
Q

Phenothiazine antipsychotics

A

prochlorperazine
promethazine
can cause psychosis, vomitting: can cause tardive dyskenesia, bone marrow depression

85
Q

which atypical antipsychotics has BBW for severe neutropenia

A

clozepine

86
Q

CNS stimulants for narcolepsy

A

dextroamphetamine
methylphenidate
modafinil: SJS

87
Q

which nonamphetamine CNS stimulant causes SJS

A

modafinil

88
Q

anorexiants

A

phentermine

dextroamphetamine

89
Q

ADD meds

A

dextroamphetamine
methylphenidate
clonidine: alpha 2 agonist

90
Q

drugs for smoking cessation

A

Varenicline
nicotine - interacts with BB
bupropion: CI with seizure disorder

91
Q

what is BBW for varencicline

A

suicidal ideation

used for smoking cessation

92
Q

What is Bupriopion CI in

A

seizure disorder and eating disorder

93
Q

parasympatholytic

A

atropine
- used for organophosphate poisoning, bradycardia
CI glaucoma

94
Q

MAOI

A

phelzine: CI all antidepressants and many other meds

95
Q

tricyclic antidepressant

A

amitriptyline CI MAOI and SSRI

96
Q

tetracyclic antidepressant

A

mirtazapine for MDD

97
Q

SNRI

A

duloxetine

venlafaxine

98
Q

alpha 1 antagonist

A

doxazosin
terazosin
used for HTN and BPH

99
Q

Loop diuretic

A

furosemide

CI sulpha allergy

100
Q

potassium sparing diuretics

A

spironolactone

triamterene

101
Q

gemfibrozil

A

fibrate

can cause gallstones, elevated liver enzymes

102
Q

HMG-co Reductase inhibitors

A

atorvastatin

simvastatin

103
Q

mast cell stabilizer

A

cromolyn sodium

104
Q

muscarinic blockers used for COPD

A

tiotropium

ipratroium

105
Q

antiplatelet

A

clopidogrel

aspirine

106
Q

vitamin K recycling antagonist

A

warfarin

107
Q

what increases the effect of warfarin

A

aspirin, androgens, BB, coritcosteriods, omeprazole, phenytoin

108
Q

factor X inactivator

A

heparin

enoxaprin

109
Q

factor Xa inactivator

A

rivaroxaban

110
Q

direct thrombin inhibitor

A

dabigatran

111
Q

penicillins

A 
b lactams:
- Penicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
amox clav
adverse: hypersensitivity reactions and black hairy tongue
112
Q

indication for penicillines

A 
rheumatic fever
dental abscess
recurrent strep
cellulitis
1st choice for uncomplicated ENT
safe in pregnancy
113
Q

IV glycopeptide

A

vancomycin IV MRSA

114
Q

cephalosporins

A 
cefdinir
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
cephalexin
*cross allergy with penicillins
115
Q

protein synthesis inhibitors

A

tetracyclines
macrolides
lincosamide
aminoglycoside

116
Q

tetracyclines

A

minocycline
doxycycline
I: broad spectrum
SE: photsensitivity, tooth discoloration in children

117
Q

macrolides

A

azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin

118
Q

which antibiotics are safe in pregancy

A

macrolides

penicillins

119
Q

Lincosamide

A

clyindamycin
I: topical for acne
SE: C. diff

120
Q

aminoglycoside

A

gentamicin: topical for ocular infxn

* *don’t combine with loop diuretics

121
Q

DNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Fluoroquinolones: 1st line UTIs
ciprofloaxacin:
levofloaxacin:

122
Q

BBW fluoroquinolones

A

tendon rupture!

levofloaxacin and ciprofloxacin

123
Q

RNA synthesis inhibitors

A

mupirocin: topical, MRSA, impetigo
rifaximin: SIBO, travelers diarrhea, IBS, heptaic encephalopathy
nitrofurantoin: acute uncomplicated UTI

124
Q

PABA analogue

A

sulamethoxazole-trimethoprim: give with folate

SE: photosensitivity, megaloblastic anemia

125
Q

Anti-TB

A

isoniazid: hepatotoxic
rifampin: red tears/saliva/hepatotoxic

126
Q

which antifungals interact with warfarin, phenytoin

A

fluconazole

ketonconazole

127
Q

which anti-fungal is hepatotoxic and can cause SJS, neutropenia

A

terbinafine

128
Q

which anti-biotic can be used as anti-protozoal and can cause a disulfam rxn if given with ETOH

A

metronidazole
treats c. diff
H. pylori

129
Q

Cisplatin

A

chemo for testicular and ovarian tumors and bladder ca

BBW renal toxicity ototoxicity

130
Q

cyclophosphamide

A

chemo for leukemia, lymphoma

131
Q

doxorubicin

A 
karposi's sarcoma
ovarian ca
MM
*hear damage
CI cardiac dz
132
Q

folate antagonist used in many CA

A

methotrexate

133
Q

chemo for hodgkins, testicular ca, Kaposi’s

A

Vinblastine

134
Q

chemo used for breast ca

A

anaztrazole

135
Q

testosterone antagonst for prostate ca

A

bicalutaminde

136
Q

chemo for ovarian/testicular/prostate ca, endometriosis, fibroids

A

leuprolide

137
Q

chemo that binds tubilin for advanced ovarian ca, non small lung ca, ovarian/breast ca

A

paclitaxel

138
Q

SERMS

A

Raloxifine

tomoxifen

139
Q

immunomodulator for leprosy and MM

A

thalidomide

HK Last - Cardio (16 decks)

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