Pharm Flashcards
1
Q
Coumarin combined with what has the potential for severe hemorrhage?
A
drugs that compete for albumin
2
Q
What is contraindicated in gout patients?
A
Aspirin because it decreases renal secretion of uric acid
3
Q
Never combine aminoglycosides with what?
A
Loop diuretics and nueromuscular blockers
4
Q
What protects the cytosol?
A
vitamin C and glutathione
5
Q
what deficiency can be caused by sulfamethoxazole
A
folate def
6
Q
antibiotic for acne
adverse effects
A
clindamycin
pseudomembranous colitis
7
Q
what can cause torsade des pointes
A
risperidone (antipsychotic)
8
Q
prophylaxis for organ rejection and immunosuppresant
A
cyclosporine
9
Q
h2 antagonist for reflux and PUD
A
ranitidine/zantac
10
Q
adverse effects of amantidine
A
used for influenza A prevention or early infection and Parkinsons
- can cause levido reticularis
11
Q
adverse effect of cipro (fluoroquinolone)
A
tendon rupture
12
Q
chlamydia abx
A
azithromycin (macrolide) 1 gram orally 1 dose or
doxycycline 100mg orally bid for 7 days
13
Q
gonorrhea abx
A
Cephtriaxone IM
azithromycin (macrolide) 1 gram orally 1 dose or
doxycycline 100mg orally bid for 7 days
14
Q
abx for otitis, resp inf, and osteomylitis
A
cephalexin (cephalosporin)
15
Q
used for vaginal candidiasis, thrush, intestinal candida
A
nistatin
16
Q
antifungal used for candida
A
flucanazole
17
Q
copper chelator used for Wilsons disease
A
penicillamine
18
Q
used for pain of UTI and side effect
A
phenazopyridine
orange urine
19
Q
what is the safe antifungal
A
nystatin
20
Q
tx for chronic hep b
A
interferon alpha
21
Q
interpheron beta used for
A
MS
22
Q
what anti-arrhythmic causes blue discloration
A
amiodarone
23
Q
MAOI
A
phenalzine
depression, anxiety
24
Q
antibiotic and analgesic for UC and chron’s
A
sulfasalazine
25
ab to prevent TB
isoniazid
26
first line abx for c. diff
metronidazole
27
triamterene
potassium sparing diuretic
28
alpha-1 antagonists
doxazosin and terazosin
HTN and BPH
decrease NE
29
thiazide diuretic is CI in
allergies to sulfonamides
30
what does amlodipine deplete
CCB that depletes K
31
what does verapamil deplete
CCb that depletes vit E
32
Class I antiarrhythmics
| BBW
Na CH blockers
BBW: DEATH
Lidocaine and Flecainide
*used in hospital
33
Class II anti-arrhythmics
BB
34
Class III anti-arrhythmics
K ch blockers
| - amiodarone - 70% have adverse rxn - heat block, etc.
35
Clas IV anti-arrhythmics
CCB
amlodipine
verapamil
diltiazem
36
Class V antiarrhthmic
Digoxin
blurred vision
narrow therapeutic window
37
Colesevelam
bile acid sequestrant
| - CI bowel obstruction or TG >500
38
Ezetimibe
cholesterol absorption inhibiotr
| - combines ok with other drugs
39
what does Femfibrozil interact with
warfarin and statins: gallstones, liver, enhances anticoagulants, rhabdo
40
anti-tussives
benzonatate
dextromethorphan
codeine
hydrocodone
41
Promethazine
first generation antihistamine used for allergeis/asthma, but it is an antipsychotoic
42
2nd generation antihistimines that don't cause drowsiness
ceitrizine
fexofenadine
loratatidine - QT prolongation
43
what is pseudoephedrine CI with
MAOI - can cause hypertensive crisis
44
what is albuterol CI with
MAOI, TCA, sympathomimetics
45
what can montelukast cause
churg-strauss syndrome
46
what drug is used in Addison's to replace mineralocorticoids
Fludrocortisone
47
oral glucocorticoids
```
prednisone
prednisolone
methylprednisolone
dexamethasone
hydrocrotisone
```
48
oral/inhaled glucocorticoids/nasal sprays
fluticasone
mometasone
budesonide
beclomethasone
49
topical glucocorticoids
fluocinoninde
tramcinolone
hydrocortisone
clobetasol propionate
50
what are the 5 estrogens and uses
estrone: osteoporosis, highest postmenopausal, procarinogenic
estradiol: atrophic vagintiiits, BrCA, osteo, AUB, CIE+ tumors
estriol: atrophic vaginitis, protective, highest in preg
conj estrogens: from pregnant mares, atrophic vaginitis, osteo, AUB
ethinyl estradiol: strong, OCP, clot risk
51
What are the 4 progestins used and uses?
progesterone: prevents endometrial hyperplasia, amenorrhea, DUB, insomnia
Levonorgestrel (mirena)
Medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo)
Norethindrone: OCP
52
DHEA CI
preg
endometriosis
fibroids
breast/uterine ca
53
when is T indicated
hypogonadism or if plasm AM T < 3ng/ml
54
adverse effects of T
```
gynecomastia
liver CA
BPH
prostate CA
hirsutism, acne, amenorrhea
```
55
aldosterone antagonist
spironolactone: decreases T and hirsutism dt PCOS
| causes hypokalemia
56
what can Insulin interact with
BB - can mask sx of hypoglycemia
57
types of insulin
Lispro: rpaid onset (1hr) short asking
Regular: rapid onset short acting
Glargine: slow onset 12 hour - long acting 24 hr
58
What do you give pt with hypoglycemia
glucagon IV, IM, SQ
59
bromocriptine
prolactin blocker and Dopamine agonist, GH antagonist
60
Somatotropin
GH agonist, dwarfism, HIV cachexia
61
Octreotide
inhibits GH, insulin, and glucagon, acromegaly
62
SE Metformin
lactic acidosis, diarrhea, B12 def, CI metabolic acidosis, TYpe 1 DM
63
Glyburide uses and SE
stimulates insulin release
causes hypoglycemia
CI in DKA and sulfa allergy
64
Thiazolidinedione uses and SE
Pioglitazone, newer drug used for insulin sensitization in periphery
BBW: cause or worsen heart failure, CI CHF adn liver dz
65
Dementia drugs
cholinesterase inhibitors
Donepezil
Rivastigmine
Memantine - blocks NMDA receeptors
66
Gaba analogues for epilepsy
Gabapentin and pregabalin
67
Na Ch blockers used in epilepsy and adverse effects
Carbamezepine
| Phenytoin: gingival hyperplacia, suicide, lots of others
68
Other anti epilpetic drugs with MOA unknown and SE
lamotrigine
topiramate
valproate
- sudden death, suicide
69
dopamine precursors used in Parkinsons
Levodopa/carbidopa: tolerance over time
70
dopamine agonists used in parkinsons
- bromocriptine - (also used for acromegaly and hyperprolactinemia) causes pulmonary fibrosis
- pramipexole
71
anticholinergics used in Parkinsons for dyskinesia
benztropine
scopolamine
diphenhydramine
amantadine - specifically for levodopa dyskinesia
72
drugs for MS
fingolimod - can cause cardiac issues
glatiramer acetate
interferone Beta
73
drugs used for spasticity in MS
Tizanidine
baclofen
botulinum toxin
74
sumatriptan is CI with
ischemic heart dz history of MI/stroke
75
amides and esters
amides: lidocaine and bupivacaine
ester: provaine
76
first generation antihistimines that cause drowsiness
diphenhydramine
hydroxyzine
promethazine
77
anti-convulsants used to treat mani/biopolar mood stabilizers often given with antidepresssants
lamotrigine
valproate
carbamezepine (na ch blocker)
78
atypical antipsychotics
```
risperidone
aripiprazole
quetiapine
clozapine: BBW severe neutropenia
*BBW increased mortality in elderly
```
79
SE aripirazole
atypical antipychotic used in bipolar
| can cause dysglycemia - caution in DM
80
what is first line for anxiety
SSRI
81
SSRIs
escitalopram: MDD, GAD
Fluoxetine: 1st line depression and panic do
Paroxetine: MDD, social anxiety, OCD, panic do, GAD
82
non-benzo for anxiety that does not cause dependence or withdrawal sx
bispirone
83
Antipsychotics that blocsk D2, H1, some cholinergic
Haloperidol: CI severe CNS depression, dementia related psychosis
- prochlorperazine
- promethazine
84
Phenothiazine antipsychotics
prochlorperazine
promethazine
can cause psychosis, vomitting: can cause tardive dyskenesia, bone marrow depression
85
which atypical antipsychotics has BBW for severe neutropenia
clozepine
86
CNS stimulants for narcolepsy
dextroamphetamine
methylphenidate
modafinil: SJS
87
which nonamphetamine CNS stimulant causes SJS
modafinil
88
anorexiants
phentermine
| dextroamphetamine
89
ADD meds
dextroamphetamine
methylphenidate
clonidine: alpha 2 agonist
90
drugs for smoking cessation
Varenicline
nicotine - interacts with BB
bupropion: CI with seizure disorder
91
what is BBW for varencicline
suicidal ideation
| used for smoking cessation
92
What is Bupriopion CI in
seizure disorder and eating disorder
93
parasympatholytic
atropine
- used for organophosphate poisoning, bradycardia
CI glaucoma
94
MAOI
phelzine: CI all antidepressants and many other meds
95
tricyclic antidepressant
amitriptyline CI MAOI and SSRI
96
tetracyclic antidepressant
mirtazapine for MDD
97
SNRI
duloxetine
| venlafaxine
98
alpha 1 antagonist
doxazosin
terazosin
used for HTN and BPH
99
Loop diuretic
furosemide
| CI sulpha allergy
100
potassium sparing diuretics
spironolactone
| triamterene
101
gemfibrozil
fibrate
| can cause gallstones, elevated liver enzymes
102
HMG-co Reductase inhibitors
atorvastatin
| simvastatin
103
mast cell stabilizer
cromolyn sodium
104
muscarinic blockers used for COPD
tiotropium
| ipratroium
105
antiplatelet
clopidogrel
| aspirine
106
vitamin K recycling antagonist
warfarin
107
what increases the effect of warfarin
aspirin, androgens, BB, coritcosteriods, omeprazole, phenytoin
108
factor X inactivator
heparin
| enoxaprin
109
factor Xa inactivator
rivaroxaban
110
direct thrombin inhibitor
dabigatran
111
penicillins
```
b lactams:
- Penicillin
ampicillin
amoxicillin
amox clav
adverse: hypersensitivity reactions and black hairy tongue
```
112
indication for penicillines
```
rheumatic fever
dental abscess
recurrent strep
cellulitis
1st choice for uncomplicated ENT
safe in pregnancy
```
113
IV glycopeptide
vancomycin IV MRSA
114
cephalosporins
```
cefdinir
cefuroxime
ceftriaxone
cephalexin
*cross allergy with penicillins
```
115
protein synthesis inhibitors
tetracyclines
macrolides
lincosamide
aminoglycoside
116
tetracyclines
minocycline
doxycycline
I: broad spectrum
SE: photsensitivity, tooth discoloration in children
117
macrolides
azithromycin
clarithromycin
erythromycin
118
which antibiotics are safe in pregancy
macrolides
| penicillins
119
Lincosamide
clyindamycin
I: topical for acne
SE: C. diff
120
aminoglycoside
gentamicin: topical for ocular infxn
| * *don't combine with loop diuretics
121
DNA synthesis inhibitors
Fluoroquinolones: 1st line UTIs
ciprofloaxacin:
levofloaxacin:
122
BBW fluoroquinolones
tendon rupture!
| levofloaxacin and ciprofloxacin
123
RNA synthesis inhibitors
mupirocin: topical, MRSA, impetigo
rifaximin: SIBO, travelers diarrhea, IBS, heptaic encephalopathy
nitrofurantoin: acute uncomplicated UTI
124
PABA analogue
sulamethoxazole-trimethoprim: give with folate
| SE: photosensitivity, megaloblastic anemia
125
Anti-TB
isoniazid: hepatotoxic
rifampin: red tears/saliva/hepatotoxic
126
which antifungals interact with warfarin, phenytoin
fluconazole
| ketonconazole
127
which anti-fungal is hepatotoxic and can cause SJS, neutropenia
terbinafine
128
which anti-biotic can be used as anti-protozoal and can cause a disulfam rxn if given with ETOH
metronidazole
treats c. diff
H. pylori
129
Cisplatin
chemo for testicular and ovarian tumors and bladder ca
| BBW renal toxicity ototoxicity
130
cyclophosphamide
chemo for leukemia, lymphoma
131
doxorubicin
```
karposi's sarcoma
ovarian ca
MM
*hear damage
CI cardiac dz
```
132
folate antagonist used in many CA
methotrexate
133
chemo for hodgkins, testicular ca, Kaposi's
Vinblastine
134
chemo used for breast ca
anaztrazole
135
testosterone antagonst for prostate ca
bicalutaminde
136
chemo for ovarian/testicular/prostate ca, endometriosis, fibroids
leuprolide
137
chemo that binds tubilin for advanced ovarian ca, non small lung ca, ovarian/breast ca
paclitaxel
138
SERMS
Raloxifine
| tomoxifen
139
immunomodulator for leprosy and MM
thalidomide
