GU Flashcards
protein in urine
normal or renal disease
hyaline casts
exercise
RBC casts
pathological renal hmaturia GN goodpastures endocarditis lupus
WBC casts
renal infection or inflammation
kidney involvement
waxy casts
chronic renal failure or diabetic nephropathy
UTI UA findings
pH alkaline maybe positive RBC low to no protein WBV >6/hpf nitrite can be positive
UA findings for lithiasis
RBC: + WBC: maybe + Protein: - Mucus: positive Calculi: strain urine for calculi
test for pheochromocytoma
urine metanephrines most sensitive
ED vitamins
L-arginine 1000-2000mg bid
mg glycinate 100-300mg bid
zinc 20-50mg bid
oliguria vs anuria
< 500cc
< 100cc
azotemia
increased BUN in blood
pre-renal azotemia
BUN rises faster than creatinine
intra-renal
BUN and Cre equally high
post-renal
BUN cre normal and rises after long oliguria
acute renal failure dx
sudden onset oliguria proteinuria hematuria anorexia, nausea, vomitting, fluid retention decreased Na, Ca, HCO3
red cell casts can indicate
acute glomerulonephritis
common causes of chronic renal insufficiency
DM and HTN
characteristic finding of interstitial cystitis
pinpoint bleeding in bladder lining found on cystoscopy
signs and sx of nephrotic syndrome
damage to basement membrane: protein in urine >3.5 g in 24 hours low blood prottein chigh cholesterol eema
what do you do for a pt that has microalbuminuria and DM
ACE even if normotensive and statins
cough with bloody sputum and decreased kidney function
Goodpastures
common renal tumor in children
painless hematuria
Wilm’s (nephroblastoma)
most common kidney ca in adults
renal cell carionoma
smoking
duodenal ulcer vs gastric ulcer
duodenal: 75%, burning epigastric pain, 1-3 hours postprandial BETTER FOOD
gastric: 25%, NSADDs, burning epigatric pain post-eating WORSE FOOD
relieved antacids
etiology pancreatitis
ETOH and gallstones common
common locatoin for pancreatic ca
head
unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia
hemolytic diseaes or Gilbert syndrome
conjugated hyperbilirubinemai
hepatocellular disease
how do you diagnose cirrhosis
decreased serum albumin
prolonged prothrombin time
CT size and texture
US organomegaly
colon ca screening
age 40 DRE age 50 fecal occult blood sigmoidoscopy 3-5 years colonoscopy
triple therapy for h pylori
tetracycline
erythromycin
omeprazole
useful test for H pylori
endoscopy with biopsy
stool antigen test
urease breath test
drug for IBS
dicyclomine is used to treat abd pain assoicated with IBS
most indicated test for Crohns
barium enema with radiograph to differnetiate crohns from UC
what does sulfasalazine require when used
folic acid supplementation
homeopathic for painless diearrhea that alternates with headache
podophyllum
