Pediatrics

Question 1

malignant tumor of postganglionic sympathetic neurons in adrenal madulla
common in children <5
myoclonic jerks
chaotic eye movements
diarrhea

Answer 1

neuroblastoma

Question 2

workup neuroblastoma

Answer 2

palpable abdominal mass
tumor biopsy
CT or MRI
boen scan

Question 3

primary renal tumor in children

Answer 3

nephroblastoma/wilms tumor

Question 4

causes of encephalitis

Answer 4

CMV
HIV
polio
rabies
Listeria, TB, syphillis

Question 5

workup encephalopahty

Answer 5

brain biopsy
CBC
glucose
HSV
viral cultures of CSF
CT/MRI

Question 6

tx encephalopathy

Answer 6

acyclovir for HSV

Doxy for Ricketsia

Question 7

benign childhood condition with slapped cheek appearence

Answer 7

erythema infectiosum/Fifths disease

Question 8

meningitis workup

Answer 8

viral:
increased CSF protein
increased csf leukocytes
normal CSF glucose
gram stain negative

bacterial: decreased glucose
positive gram stain

Question 9

paramyxovirus
fever, headache, bilateral parotitis
increased amylase

Answer 9

Mumps

Question 10

workup for pertussis

Answer 10

clinical
pCR of nasopharynx
CBC = leukocytosis and lymphocytosis

Question 11

tx pertussis

Answer 11

o2 if cyanotic

azithromycin

Question 12

HSV6
most common viral exanthem under 2 yo
high fever
rash after fever

Answer 12

roseola infantum

Question 13

RNA togavirus
red spots on posterior soft/hard palate
pink macuplopapular rash lasting 1-5 days
pruritic
postauricular lymphadenopathy

Answer 13

rubella

Question 14

paramyxovirus
morbilliform rash starts at hairline and spreads down face/neck/trunk
prodrome of cough, coryza, conjunctivitis
koplik spots

Answer 14

Rubeola (measles)

Question 15

Rubeola tx

Answer 15

vit A
immunoglobulin
MMR vaccine

Question 16

GABHS
sandpaper rash, non-pruritic, non-painful
strawberry tongue

Answer 16

scarlet fever

Question 17

workup scarlet fever

Answer 17

rapid strep

throat culture

Question 18

scarlett fever tx

Answer 18

penicillin, amoxicillin

Question 19

workup croup

Answer 19

x ray shows steeple sign

Question 20

tx croup

Answer 20

humidified o2
corticosteroids
epi

Question 21

tetrology of fallot

Answer 21

vsd
r vent outflow tract obstruction
overriding aortic root
right ven hypertrophy

Question 22

how to workup cystic fibrosis

Answer 22

sweat chloride test

Question 23

leading cause of lower uRI in infants and manifests as bronchiolitis
cough 
fever
wheezing
cyanosis
tachypnea
sepsis

Answer 23

RSV

Question 24

workup RSV

Answer 24

viral culture swab of nasopharynx

x-ray = hyperinflated lungs

Question 25

no meconium in 24 hours
palpable stool in abdomen
diarrhea and constipation
abdominal distention

Answer 25

Hirchprung disease

Question 26

how to dx Hirchprung

Answer 26

rectal biopsy = lack of ganglion cells

barium enema shows dilated proximal segment and narrow distal

Question 27

red current jelly stool

Answer 27

intussusception

Question 28

positive Ortolani’s test shows

Answer 28

congenital hip disclocation

Question 29

avascular necrosis of femoral head ossification ceners
boys 3-10
hip pain, limp, knee pain

Answer 29

legg-calve perthes disease

Question 30

incomplete descent of testes

Answer 30

cryptochidism

orchioplexy

Question 31

dz of proximal renal tubules where glucose amino acids and urig acid pass into urine instead of reabsorbed
polyuria
polydipsia
bone deformity

Answer 31

fanconi syndrome

Question 32

weakness
weight loss
 vomitting
basophilic stippling
hypochromic microcytic anemia
lead lines on gingiva

Answer 32

plumbism (lead poisoning)