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HK Last - Cardio > Emergency Medicine > Flashcards

Emergency Medicine Flashcards

1
Q

compression ventilation for lone rescuer for children and adults

A

30 compressions to 2 breaths

push chest fast at a rate of 100 compressions/min

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2
Q

how to open airway for breaths

A

head tilt chin lift with one hand one forehead and two fingers under chin of lower jaw

  • don’t use thumb
  • don’t press into soft tissue under chin
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3
Q

when do you use jaw thrust

A

if head or neck injury is suspected
*need two people
place fingers under angles of jaw on both sides and lift

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4
Q

Complete secondary survey (SAMPLE)

A 
Signs and sx
Allergies
Meds
PMHx
Last meal
Events related to injury
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5
Q

differences between adult and child CPR

A

tap bottom of childs foot
compression vent ration for 2 rescuers is 15:2
one hand on chest, other on forehead for compressions

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6
Q

if adult, child, or infant has a pulse but is not breathing, you

A

give rescue breaths only at a rate of 1 breath every 5-6 seconds (10-12 breaths/min)
*check pulse every 2 minutes

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7
Q

if a choking victim becomes unresponsive

A

activate EMS
lie on ground and begin CPR 30:2
Do not check pulse
*if object can be visualized and easliy removed, go ahead, but if not visible, continue CPR

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8
Q

relief of choking infants

A

infant on lap
facedown with head lower than chest
5 back slaps between shoulder blade
Turn over and 5 quick downward chest thrusts in middel of chest over lower half of breastbone

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9
Q

Do you perfrom finger sweeps in infants and chidlren?

A

DO not perform blind finger sweeps

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10
Q

heat stroke (temp s/sx)

A 
Temp over 104.9f
dry hot skin
altered mental status
muscle cramps, nausea, vomitting
rapid pulse
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11
Q

transport hypothermia pt with head and feet where

A

head lower than feet

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12
Q

rule of 9s for burns

A 
arm = 9% each
legs = 18% each
torso = 18% front and 18% back
head = 9%
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13
Q

second degree burns involve what skin layers

A

superficial dermis, hair follicles, sweat glands

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14
Q

tx 3rd degree burns

A

o2
Ringers lactate IV
clean with mild soap, water, sterile dressing
topical and systemic antibiotics

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15
Q

when do you refer burns to ER

A

1st degree >75% body
2nd degree >10%
3rd degree >10% or >2-3% in children or elderly

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16
Q

what suggests CO poisoinging

A

normal PO2 with low o2 saturation

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17
Q

tx for CO poisoning

A

100% o2 by mask

ER

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18
Q

Activated charcoal dose for poison tx

A

3-5 tbsp in children less than 5 years
10-20 tbsp >5 years
Do not use if cyanide, corrosives, ethanol, methanol, organic solvents, or iron

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19
Q

what gauge needle for infant or elderly with poor veins

A

24

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20
Q

when would you adminster normal saline 0.9%

A

hyperacute dehydration, severe diarrhea, vomiting, shock, post anaphylaxis

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21
Q

when would you administer lactated ringer

A

2-3 days of dehydration, elecrolyte replacement, burns, trauma, metabolic acidosis.

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22
Q

what IV solutions are isotonic

A

normal saline and lactated ringers

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23
Q

when would you use half normal saline 0.45%

A

intracellular dehydration - hypernatremia

*do not give for burns or liver disease

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24
Q

When would you give D5W 5% dextrose

A

dehydration, fluid loss, hypernatremia

*not for use in rescusitation

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25
Q

when would you give sterile water

A

diluting or dissolving drugs for IV, IM, or SubQ

26
Q

3% or 5% saline - hyertonic when to use?

A

severe Na depletion

27
Q

when would you give nasal cannula and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A
  • indicated for breathing, COPD, pt with low O2 concentration
  • flow rate: 1-6 L per min
  • 02 concentration: 24-45%
28
Q

when would you give pocket mask without o2 and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A
  • breathing or non-breathing trauma victim
  • manual/CPR use
  • 16% o2
29
Q

when would you give simple face mask and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A

breathign, mild or moderate respiratory distress
6-10 L/min
-40-60% o2

30
Q

when would you give Venturi mask and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A

Breathing, COPD, asthma, stable

  • 4-15 L/min
  • 20-40%
31
Q

when would you give bag-valve mask with O2 and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A

apnea or inadequate respiratirons
10-15L/min
90-100% o2
unconscious or conscious

32
Q

when would you give partial rebreather mask and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A

breathing or non-breathing
8-15L/min
60-80%

33
Q

when would you give non-rebreather mask and what flow rate and o2 concentration

A

COPD, smoke inhalation, CO2 poisoning
10-15L/min
90-100%

34
Q

when do you administer o2 in an adult, child, and infant

A

adult: <12 breaths or > 20
child: <15 or >30
infant <25 or >50

35
Q

signs of upper airway obstruction

A 
cyanosis
drooling
LOC
retraction
insp or exp stridor
36
Q

early compensated shock signs vs late decompensated shock signs

A

compensated: tachycardia, anxiety, diaphoreses, wide pulse pressure
decompensated: hypotension, confusion, LOC, oliguria, acidemia

37
Q

radial, femoral, carotid pulses = BP

A

radial: 80
Femoral: 70
carotid: 60

38
Q

Epi dosing IM, IV
Diphenhydramine dosing
steroids

A

IM: 1:1000 0.3 - 0.5ml
IV: 1:10,000 0.1-0.2mg repeat every 3-5 min
Diphenhydramine: 50mg IV
steroid dosing depends on form

39
Q

how do you rehydrate a burn victim?

A

ringer lactate

40
Q

lab for burns

A

see myoglobinemia with renal damage and severe tissue breakdown

41
Q

If no urination for > 12 hours how do you cath

A

darain 300-400ml and let bladder relax for 30-60 min

42
Q

which is worse hyphema or subconjunctival hem

A

hyphema can lead ot acute glaucoma

43
Q

if suspected corneal abrasion

A

send to emergenct eye doc to rule out corneal ulceration

44
Q

RAPCAB

A 
R
Activated EMS
P
compression
airway 
breathing
45
Q

pH level for IV

human blood

A

human blood 7.35-7.45

patient comfort 6.6-7.6

46
Q

osmolarity

A

isotonic 250-375
hypo <250
hyerp >375
human body fluids 280-295

47
Q

ca ch blockers can interact with what in IV

A

EDTA and Mg

48
Q

Rauwolfia can interact with what in IV

A

Mg, Ca, EDTA

49
Q

Beta blockers can interact with what in IV

A

Mg

50
Q

when do you see hypoglycemic emergency and what do you do?

A

high dose vit C or EDTA chelation

D5W infusion

51
Q

when do you see fluid overload

A 
isotonic solution too quickly
edema, hypertension, , pulm edema
tx: slow fluid infusion
heat to dilate 
02
52
Q

when do you see dehydration in IV therapy

A

with hypertonic solutions

53
Q

rehydration
needle size
type of fluid

A

largest needle 20 or 24

use isotonic normal 0.9% soaline, ringer lactate, or D5W

54
Q

main tx goal for AAA

A

decrease BP with propranolol

55
Q

what position do put someone in shock in

A

supine with leg raised 8-12 inches

56
Q

tx anthrax

A

cipro or doxy

57
Q

important protective gear for anthrax

A

mask

58
Q

what part of secondary survey is most important

A

watch face

59
Q

most common complication of tibial fracture

A

compartment syndrome

60
Q

sign of femoral neck hip injry

A

shortened, externally rotated

61
Q

complication of hip fracture

A

DVT

HK Last - Cardio (16 decks)

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