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HK Last - Cardio > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

What cardiac marker increases early in MI

A

AST

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2
Q

ALT>AST =

A

liver dz

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3
Q

GGT

A

detecs SOL, biliary dyschinesia, ETOH abuse

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4
Q

CPK_MB

A

12-24 hours after MI (can be elevated in PE)

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5
Q

LDH elevated in

A

MI LDH1>LDH2

Also elevated in myocarditis, liver dz, CHF, shock, etc.

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6
Q

Ammonia (NH3) elevated in

A

severe liver dz

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7
Q

ApoA vs ApoB vs Lipo

A

ApoA high = good
ApoB high = bad
Lipo high = bad

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8
Q

VAP

A

measures total cholesterol

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9
Q

Max dose of Atorvastatin

A

80mg qd

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10
Q

how often do you measure lipids?

A

6 weeks after med started or changed

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11
Q

What is the problem with slow release niacin

A

more hepatotoxic

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12
Q

Give what with niacin to reduce liver burden?

A

vitamin c and b complex

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13
Q

Adrenergic receptor

A

Epi/Norepi

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14
Q

Alpha vs Beta adrenergic receptors (where are they)

A

Alpha 1 - GI tract - excitatory (inhibitor in GI)
Alpha 2 - CNS
Beta 1 - heart - excitatory
Beta 2 - kidney

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15
Q

beta blockers

A

block epi and decrease strength of heart muscle contraction

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16
Q

first line therapy for HTN

A

ACE
ARB
thiazide diuretics (HCTZ)
CCB

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17
Q

age > 60 bp goal

with DM

A

< 150/90

<140/90

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18
Q

age < 60 bp goal

with DM

A

<140/90

<140/90

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19
Q

Drug therapy of choice for black pt

A

thiazide or CCB (not ACE/ARB)

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20
Q

Drug for heart failure

A 
ACE
ARB
BB
Diuretic
Spironalactone
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21
Q

Drugs for Post MI/CAD

A

ACE
ARB
BB

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22
Q

Drugs for CAD

A

ACE
BB
Diuretic
CCB

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23
Q

Drugs for CKD

A

ACE

ARB

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24
Q

Drugs for recurrent stroke prevention

A

ACE

Diuretci

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25
Q

Secondary HTN

A

renal artery stenosis
chronic renal dz
hyper-aldosteronism
pheochromocytoma

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26
Q

thiazide diuretics CI in pt with

A

sulfa allergy

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27
Q

alpha 2 agonist

A

Clonidine

28
Q

catecholamine agent

A

reserpine (raulfia) decreases catecholamines

SE: depression/suicide

29
Q

Verapamil
Diltiazem
Amlodipine

A

CCB: angina and HTN

30
Q

What is CI within two weeks of reserpine

A

MAO inhibitors

31
Q

Average dose of Rauwolfia and reserpine

A

Rauwolfia: 1-3mL qd-bid (5ml unsafe!)
Reserpine: 0.1-0.25mg tabs qd-bid

32
Q

right HF

A

blue
peripheral edema
ascites
JVD

33
Q

left HF

A 
red
pulm edema
pulm htn
DOE
dry cough
fatigue
rhonchi
rales
34
Q

signs of cor pulmonale

A 
chronic cough
exertional dyspnea
weakness
cyanosis
JVD
RVH
35
Q

Test for vascular dz

A

ankle brachial index: divide each ankle by highest brachial

< .95 ratio = PVD

36
Q

75% likelihood of AAA rupture if

A

7cm or >

37
Q

Aortic dissection
s/sx
workup

A

severe chest/neck pain, unequal peripheral pulse

CT and transesophageal echo

38
Q

common arrhythmia of younger people with no HD

A

atrial tachycarida/supraventricular tachy

39
Q

arrhythmia with sweating, dizziness, palpitaitons, weakness, syncope

A

atrial flutter

40
Q

irregularly irregular pulse

A

a-fib

41
Q

most common cause of sick sinus syndrome and s/sx

A

CAD

none, lightheadedness, fatigue, syncompe, confusion, angina

42
Q

presenting sign of heart block

A

syncope

43
Q

wide QRS

A

BBB

LBBB more ominous

44
Q

which type of murmurs almost always mean heart disease

A

diastolic

45
Q

midsystolic

A

pulmonic/aortic stenosis

46
Q

Pansystlic/holosystolic

A

mitral/tricuspid regurge, sd

47
Q

opening snap with diastolic rumble, SOB, DOE, PND,

A

mitral stenosis

48
Q

decrescendo

A

aortic regurge

49
Q

blowing, soft, diastolic murmur with SOB, palpitations, angia

A

aortic insufficiency

50
Q

dyspnea, fatigue, pansystolic murmur

A

mitral regurge

51
Q

when is thrombolysis needed

A

arrhythmias
prosthetic valves
hypercoagulable states (high fibrinogen and dehdration)

52
Q

what drugs are used for arrhythmias

A

digoxin (CHF, a fib, a-flutter)
quinidine (a-flutter, a-fib, PAC and PVC)
BB
CCB

53
Q

Endocarditis
Myocarditis
Pericarditis

A

Endo: IV drug usesers - vegetation on echo
Myo: after viral infection, URI
Peri: agg by deep breathing, more localisex pain

54
Q

angina rx

A

nitro
l-arginine
mg
zinc

55
Q

earliest lab value for MI

A

Troponin, then CK-MB, Myoglobin

56
Q

abnormal EKG with Q waves

A

MI

57
Q

T wave inversion

A

ischemia

58
Q

Botanicals for atherosclerosis and ED

A

allium sativa, ginkgo, yohimbe.

59
Q

Which antibiotic is associated with pseduomembranous colitis, liver injury, thrombocytopenia

A

Clindamycin

60
Q

Supplements for endocarditis

A

omega 3 and Mg

61
Q

treat pericarditis with

A

anti-inflammatories (pericardiocentesis if needed)

62
Q

Pt de-stats in office, what type of 02 mask

A

simple face mask and refer to ED

63
Q

Signs of T3 toxicosis

A

normal FT4, elevated FT3!

64
Q

Why should you not combine BB with Convallaria

A

Can cause heart block.

65
Q

Pulse pressure

A

systolic minus diastolic and indicates aortic stiffening.

HK Last - Cardio (16 decks)

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