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ENTX 201 > Pestacides > Flashcards

Pestacides Flashcards

1
Q

Mammalian Selectivity Ratio

A

LD50 oral rat/LD50 dermal pest

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2
Q

Organophosphates

A

Parathion, Malathion, Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos

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3
Q

Organophosphates, mode of action

A

Inhibit Cholinesterases (irreversible)

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4
Q

Organophosphates, Absorption

A

skin, respiratory, GI

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5
Q

Organophosphates, Distribution

A

cross blood brain barrier

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6
Q

Organophosphates, Bioactivation

A

Parathion bioactivated by P450s to Oxons which is the active metabolite

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7
Q

Organophosphates, Targets a-e.

A

a. GI–Nausea, vomiting
b. Respiratory—excessive bronchial secretion
c. Cardiovascular —increase (as the dose increases)/decrease(initially) heart-rate/blood pressure
d. Skeletal muscles—weakness/paralysis
e. CNS—mental confusion/fatigue (affect neurotransmission)

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8
Q

If parasympathetic muscarinic receptors are affected you get…

A

SLUD and pinpoint eyes, and respiratory trouble.

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9
Q

If parasympathetic and sympathetic nicotinic receptors are affected you get…

A

tachycardia and muscle tension problems.

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10
Q

If acetylcholine receptors in the brain are negatively affected you get…

A

drowsiness or coma

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11
Q

Carbamates

A

Aldicarb, carbaryl

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12
Q

Carbamates, mode of action

A

Inhibit Cholinesterases (reversible)
*Antidote—atropine and 2-PAM

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13
Q

Carbamates, Bioactivation

A

None needed

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14
Q

Organochlorines

A

DDT, Heptachlor, Kepone, Mirex, Chlordane

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15
Q

dichlorodiphenyl ethanes structure

A

two 6 carbon rings attached to each other with one Cl attached to opposite sides of ether ring.

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16
Q

cyclodiene

A

a 6 carbon ring with a bridge attached to a 5 carbon ring, with Cls coming of of it.

17
Q

chlorinated benzenes

A

benzenes with Cl sticking out

18
Q

Organochlorines, mode of action

A

Inhibits NaKATPase of neuron continued
firing

19
Q

Organochlorines, Persistence

A

Persistent—Biomagnifies in food chain

20
Q

Organochlorines, Absorption

A

GI

21
Q

Organochlorines, Target

A

CNS mostly, but also reproductive tract

22
Q

Pyrethroids

A

cypermethrin, permethrin (similar to the natural pesticides in merry golds)

23
Q

Pyrethroids, mode of action

A

inhibits Cl- channel; ionic ATPases

24
Q

Pyrethroids, affect on humans

A

Esters right next to benzine rings and when hydrolyzed they become large phenolic compounds that look a lot like estrogen and are then endocrine disrupters.

25
Q

Phenylpyrazole

A

Fipronil

26
Q

Fipronil, mode of action

A

inhibits Gaba channel which normally mediates synaptic inhibition and regulates cellular excitability.

27
Q

Tyrone Hase-

A

said atrazine affects frogs and Syngenta didn’t like it.

28
Q

Bipyridyls

A

paraquat, diquat—dessicate plants

29
Q

paraquat, affect on people

A

death if in mouth, typically via fibrosis in lungs

30
Q

Chlorophenoxy Compounds

A

2,4-D and 2,4,5-T (Agent Orange 50:50 mixture) impurity—TCDD (dioxin)

31
Q

TCDD (dioxin)

A

Chloracne - skin eruption of blackheads, cysts and nodules, which has been linked directly to dioxin exposure.
Teratogenicity
Carcinogenicity (most potent rodent carcinogen)

32
Q

Dinitrophenol (DNP)

A

inhibits ATP synthesis (uncouples oxidative
phosphorylation) Proton vacuum at body pH and messes up mitochondrial electron transport chain

33
Q

Hexachlorobenzene

A

chloracne (skin)
hepatomegaly (enlarged liver )
porphyria (a group of disorders caused by abnormalities in the chemical steps that lead to heme production.)

34
Q

Phthalimides

A

fungicide not know to be harmful to people.

35
Q

Dithiocarbamates

A

Maneb, Zineb

36
Q

Rodenticides

A

Warfarin (inhibits vitamin K synthesis) anticoagulant

ENTX 201 (12 decks)

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